Study on Dual-layer Microstrip Antenna Design for Wireless Communications| Chapter 4 | New Approaches in Engineering Research Vol. 9

 The goal of this research is to create a triple band, dual layer Microstrip Patch Antenna. This antenna's aim is to broadcast and receive electromagnetic energy in the microwave region, and it's useful in wireless communication applications. The frequencies of the three bands are 0.9GHz, 1.798GHz, and 2.402GHz. It is investigated the S-parameter, gain characteristics, and radiation pattern. It is suggested that the proposed antenna be used in a mobile phone device that covers a wide range of frequencies.GSM 900 (889-960), GSM 1800 DCS 1800 (1710-1885), Bluetooth, and Wi-Fi/WLAN (IEEE 802.11 b/g/n) ISM 2450 (Industrial, Scientific, and Medical) are among the three frequency bands (2400-2500). At 0.9 GHz, the suggested antenna has a return loss of -17.79 dB, -18.5 dB at 1.798 GHz, and -44.2 dB at 2.4 GHz, which are all promising results. The CST software tool was used to design and simulate the proposed antenna. Finally, three bandwidths have been obtained, and the antenna has shown to be promising in WLAN applications.

Author (S) Details

Ghadah M. Faisal
Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, AL Iraqia University Baghdad, Iraq.


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Bio Based Paper Coatings Containing Protein, Polysaccharide and Essential Oil | Chapter 8 | Current Perspectives on Chemical Sciences Vol. 8

 Surface modifications to packaging paper play an important role in a variety of industries, especially the food industry. In general, packaging paper can be subjected to a wide range of external environmental factors, including humidity, temperature, stress, forces, strain, and chemical reactions, among others. As a result, changes to the paper surface are significant in a number of industries. Because of its porous structure, unmodified paper has low water and oil resistance. Packaging paper was coated successfully with six different coating solutions containing chitosan, zein, and rosemary essential oil in the sample. The chitosan and zein were coated in two layers: one layer of mixed chitosan-rosemary oil and one layer of mixed zein-rosemary oil on the paper. The papers coated with mixed zein-rosemary oil coating solution had improved oil barrier properties, while the papers coated with chitosan-rosemary oil coating solution had decreased water permeability. The water (Cobb60 value of 2.18 g/m2) and oil barrier properties of this two-layer coating were excellent. All coated papers demonstrated excellent thermal stability, especially those that were layer-by-layer coated with chitosan, zein, and rosemary oil. The surface differences of the coated papers, such as closed structure, pores, and smoother surface, were verified using scanning electron microscopy, particularly in layer-wise coated samples. Coated papers with rosemary oil can be used in a variety of applications, including repellents, due to their excellent mechanical and chemical properties. The impact of the investigated dual coating on insect infestation will be investigated in the future.

Author (s) Details

Urška Vrabič Brodnjak
Department of Textiles, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Graphic Arts and Design, Snežniška 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.

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