Development and Mechanical Characterization of LLDPE-PP Composites Reinforced with Coconut Shell Powder | Chapter 4 | Chemical and Materials Sciences - Developments and Innovations Vol. 4

 

Composite materials are characterized by several physical and mechanical properties that make them without rival in some applications requiring low weight and suitable strength. The interest in natural fibers reinforced composite materials is due to their environmental benefits, reduced industrial raw material consumption, and low cost. The objective of the present work entails the preparation of PP-LLDPE - Coconut shell powder composite materials, the determination of their optimal preparation conditions and the characterization of their physical and mechanical properties. Composite material samples were prepared by melt mixing the batch constituents in the internal mixer chamber at 170 ºC and 50-rpm rotation speed and pressing the mixed batch at 170 ºC and 20 tons pressure. The specific weight of PP-LLDPE blends was determined using the Archimedes method, and their mechanical characterization was based on tensile tests on standard specimens.

 

Measured specific weight values of PP-LLDPE blends fall between those of PP and LLDPE and follow nearly the rule of mixture. Specific weight results for PP-LLDPE blends comply with minor porosity of less than 1%. The optimal conditions for the preparation of PP-LLDPE- Coconut shell powder composite materials were batch mixing at 170 ºC and 50-rpm rotation speed and batch pressing at 170 ºC and 20 tons pressure. Tensile results for PP-LLDPE blends showed improvement of tensile stress and Young modulus and a decrease of elongation at break with the increase of PP content. The addition of Coconut shell powder to PP-LLDPE blends induces a gradual decrease in tensile stress and elongation at break and a gradual increase in Young modulus. Tensile results confirmed also that coconut shell powder content could be increased up to 50 wt. % while preserving a suitable range of mechanical properties where tensile strength varied between 10- 30 MPa. This confirms the possibility of varying these composite constituents according to the requirement of the envisaged application without coconut shell powder treatment, using compatibilizers and interfacial promoting bonding agents (silane compounds) between this powder and PP-LLDPE polymer blends.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Al Sara Kenan

Department of Physics, Higher Institute for Applied Science and Technology (HIAST), Syria.

Jabrah Rafi

Department of Physics, Higher Institute for Applied Science and Technology (HIAST), Syria.

Al Deri Fawaz

Chemistry Department, Damascus University, Syria.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cmsdi/v4/6888E

Clay-TiO2 Composite as a Sustainable Solution for Wastewater Treatment: A Case Study of the Marais Masay Lake of Madagascar | Chapter 11 | Research Advances in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 9

The main objective of this research is to show that the composite material, made from clay and particles of TiO2, appears to be effective in eliminating pollution from urban wastewater. The availability of a treatment device available to everyone is necessary. Indeed, the use of local products such as clay could be beneficial for the population. Physicochemical analysis (pH, conductivity, SS, turbidity, nitrate, phosphate and chloride levels, COD, BOD) and bacteriological analysis (ASR, fecal coliforms, fecal streptococci and Escherichia coli) have made it possible to assess the quality of treated waters. The model reduced the amount of physicochemical pollution of wastewater at the end of the treatment. The pH is between 6 and 9, the conductivity is reduced, it goes from 429.33 to 273

S/cm, the turbidity is 17.8 NTU, and the SS varies from 12.5 mg/l. Nitrite and phosphate levels are 0 mg/l. The COD is less than 50 mg/l, the BOD is less than 150 mg/l all values meet the release standard. Based on these results, 99.78% of Streptococci fecal germs, 99.64% of ASR, 97.84% of fecal coliforms, and 98.43% of Escherichia coli packages are eliminated. The mean value of the SS of the raw water to be analyzed is found to be greater than the value of the discharge water standards (<60mg/l), i.e., it has a high concentration and is therefore very rich in dissolved and colloidal materials. Microbiological and physicochemical analyses revealed that the treated waters are qualitatively improved. The treated water meets WHO (World Health Organization) standards. The number of germs decreased sharply after treatment with composite materials made from clay and TiO2, with the exception of ASR, which resisted the treatment. The values of physicochemical parameters such as turbidity, suspended solids (SS), nitrates, and chlorides were below standard levels. Various types of clay found in Madagascar can be utilized as a support of TiO2.

 

 

Author (s) Details

 

Andrianainarivelo Mahandrimanana
Department Process and Industrial Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Antananarivo, Madagascar.

 

Rasolomampianina Rado
Faculty of Science, University of Antananarivo, Madagascar.

 

Andriamirindramanana Herison Lunard
National Center for Environmental Research Antananarivo, Madagascar.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/raeges/v9/2430

Use of AA3003 Aluminum Properties for Simulation of Vertical Load Bearing Capability of Composite Sandwich Core Geometry | Chapter 3 | Scientific Research, New Technologies and Applications Vol. 4

Aluminum sandwich construction is one of the composite materials that has been recognized as a promising concept for the structural design of light transportation systems such as airplanes, high-speed trains, and fast boats. The design of the geometric structure of the core sandwich composite is one of the most valuable aspects in the development of structural engineering innovations in the composite material industry. The geometric shapes will be simulated including honeycomb, triangle, square, and trapezoid. The honeycomb core sandwich composite properties include dimensions, specific gravity, modulus of elasticity, shear modulus, yield stress, and so on will be used as a reference for other geometrical models in the simulation. The sandwich construction provides excellent structural efficiency, that is, with a high strength-to-weight ratio. This paper simulates the effect of the core geometry of a sandwich composite by comparing the mechanical response of hexagonal, triangular, square, and trapezoidal shapes using SAP 2000 software version 14. The simulation results show the potential for further research on alternative geometric shapes on the ability to withstand loads with the main aspects considered light and economical. The results require further research such as other simulation variations and physical tests so that the results are more valid.

 

Author (s) Details

Akil Suwandi
Faculty of Defense Technology, Indonesia Defense University, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia.

Cahyo Ridho Prabudi
Faculty of Defense Technology, Indonesia Defense University, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia.

 

Fathur Akhmad Rezki
Faculty of Defense Technology, Indonesia Defense University, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia.

 

Luk Lu Atun Nisa’
Faculty of Defense Technology, Indonesia Defense University, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia.

 

Uman Sukmada
Faculty of Defense Technology, Indonesia Defense University, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia.

 

Susilo Adi Purwantoro
Faculty of Defense Technology, Indonesia Defense University, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia.

 

Sovian Aritonang
Faculty of Defense Technology, Indonesia Defense University, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia.

 

Gita Amperiawan
Faculty of Defense Technology, Indonesia Defense University, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia.

 

Bondan Tiara Sofyan
Faculty of Defense Technology, Indonesia Defense University, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/srnta/v4/2297

The Composite Materials Based on Expanded Perlite and Unsaturated Polyester Resin: A Chemical Analysis Technique | Chapter 7 | Current Innovations in Chemical and Materials Sciences Vol. 2

 For this objective, composite fabrics based on unsaturated polyester resin and extended perlite (organic resins that have been reused) were created. The use and development of a differing materials, whose composition and characteristics lend themselves to mechanics constraints, has been stimulated by the optimization and streamlining of sure structures, parts manufacturing linked with high mechanics qualities (mechanical substance and physicochemical), recycling or reuse of dependable wastes, and lowering maintenance costs.The theme is to integrate in the same mass of various materials by their chemical and fundamental natures aiming to increase mechanical, tangible and / or chemical performance that can expedite implementation. The composite materials grown during this study are developed from an natural resin associated with extended perlite and other not organic fillers including alabaster powder and / or plastic wastes fibers.Different formulations are performed, allowing for possibility both the proportion of extended perlite, the nature of the inorganic something that takes up or reinforcements. The various tests carried out as machinelike and mechanic-chemical possessions are reported.

Author(s) Details:

Youssef Halimi,
Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Extraction and Valorization, Aïn Chock’s Sciences Faculty, Hassan II University of Casablanca, BP 5366 – 20100, Casablanca, Morocco.

Mohamed Tahiri,
Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Extraction and Valorization, Aïn Chock’s Sciences Faculty, Hassan II University of Casablanca, BP 5366 – 20100, Casablanca, Morocco.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CICMS-V2/article/view/12329

Investigating the Effect of Mechanical Properties of Composite Material under the Influence of Different Commercial Oils | Chapter 16 | Novel Perspectives of Engineering Research Vol. 4

 The glass fiber/epoxy composites were exposed to oil immersion tests with universal multi-grade motor oil (20W-40) and an extra high performance hydraulic brake fluid in order to explore the impacts of oil absorption behaviour on flexural and tensile strength capabilities (DOT3). The research was carried out by observing weight changes and how they affect the flexural characteristics and tensile strength of the materials after and before immersion in both solutions. The major mechanical qualities tested are flexural and tensile behaviour, which are supplemented with a Rockwell hardness test to obtain comprehensive mechanical information. However, as compared to automobile engine oil, the automotive braking fluid (DOT 3) showed lower values in all tests (20W40). Composite materials are being employed in a variety of engineering applications due to their high specific strength and stiffness, low cost, good static and dynamic characteristics, corrosion resistance, and ease of manufacture. In this context, these materials are subjected to a variety of environmental variables, all of which have an impact on their mechanical properties.

Author(S) Details

G. Ragul
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Budge Budge Institute of Technology, Kolkata, India.

Pallab Roy
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Budge Budge Institute of Technology, Kolkata, India.

Arjit Ganguly
Mechatronics, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland.

Sandip Ghosh
Department of Mechanical Engineering, JIS College of Engineering, Kalyani, India.

S. Sankar
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nehru College of Engineering & Research Centre, Kerala, India.

Abhijit Roy
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Budge Budge Institute of Technology, Kolkata, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NPER-V4/article/view/5181