Carbon Capture, Storage and Utilisation Technologies | Book Publisher International

This study is a review of current and future applications of methods of carbon capture and storage (CCS) and the bioconversion processes which aims to address the issue and cover various CCS technologies and their efficacy in reducing carbon emissions. A qualitative analysis of published papers is employed throughout to address the objectives.

 

The results of this study show that, currently, oxyfuel, pre-combustion, and post-combustion technologies are most prevalent in the field of carbon capture implementation. The possibility of retrofitting the aforementioned technologies to existing plants and the subsequent benefits and drawbacks are discussed. The implementation of CCS has been observed most notably in the cement industry and in industries where carbon emissions are significant (e.g., refineries).

 

Moreover, a number of new promising CCS technologies are described and discussed concurrently with their prospects for future developments (e.g., fuel cells, membranes, and chemical looping).

 

Specific case studies of organizations involved in CCS have enabled comparisons to be drawn in relation to the financial costs and practicality of implementation. It has been noted that countries must offer incentives and assistance to organizations in order to motivate them to adopt CCS technologies. Additionally, sufficient conditions which are favourable to investors must be met in order to make venturing into carbon capture appealing and sustainable for them. The government may achieve this by legally imposing quotas on carbon emissions from specific industries, which creates an environment in which the CCS technologies become lucrative.

 

It is suggested that it is important to explore the development of advanced plant designs that incorporate integration concepts and CCS technologies. For example, Shell has been exemplified as the leader of technological advancements in CCS and for the company’s venture into developing CCS for refineries.

 

Public awareness is also an important aspect of ensuring the future of CCS technologies and projects. If people are well informed regarding the environmental and health impacts of carbon emissions, they are more likely to support and convince the government to adopt CCS technologies.

 

 

Author (s) Details

Khaleel Awadh
Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Petroleum Research Center, P.O. Box 24885 Safat, 13109, Kuwait.

 

Vaughan Breaux
6 Manston Close, Bristol, BS16 6XB, United Kingdom.

 

Bader Al Arbeed
Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Petroleum Research Center, P.O. Box 24885 Safat, 13109, Kuwait.

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-48119-98-8

 

Digital Monitoring and Information System Regarding the Operational Safety of CO2 Storages | Chapter 2 | Current Overview on Science and Technology Research Vol. 4

 The author and a team are a part of a global effort to create a programmable system for monitoring CO2 deposits.

By developing and demonstrating a digital monitoring early-warning system that is societally embedded, intelligent, reasonably priced, and capable of monitoring any subsurface barrier system and CO2 storage reservoir, the DigiMon project's overall objective is to significantly speed up the implementation of carbon capture technology. The objective is to create and integrate distributed fiber-optic sensing technology, seismic point sensors, and gravimetric data with tried-and-true Ethernet-based digital communication, near-real-time, web-based smart data processing software, and knowledge of the social partners in the potential risk area. The component blocks of the system will be discussed in this paper. The system will be made interchangeable and adaptable with reference to the environment (offshore or onshore) and new system components provided via market-driven technology development. Any Carbon Capture System (CCS) project must include measurement, monitoring, and verification (MMV). MMV must demonstrate that projects are planned and executed in a manner that is both cost-effective and seen favourably by society. With a focus on information sharing with the general public and decision-makers, it also ensures safety and security. These articles outline the programmes and system functions for digitally integrated CO2 storage monitoring.

Author(s) Details:

Gabriel Vladut,
Sedona, Craiova, Romania.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/COSTR-V4/article/view/8280

Failure of Standard Duplex Stainless Steel X2CrNiMoN22-5-3 under Corrosion Fatigue in Geothermal Environment: A Recent Study | Chapter 6 | Recent Trends in Chemical and Material Sciences Vol. 4

 Corrosion fatigue has long been known to reduce the lifetime of high alloyed steels. X2CrNiMoN22-5-3 duplex stainless steel is a viable candidate for corrosion and mechanical stress resistance. As a result, the corrosion fatigue (CF) of the Northern German Basin electrolyte at 369 K was examined using a specially built corrosion chamber. The lateral grain attack within corrosion pit chambers placed perpendicular to the strain applied was clearly linked to CF damage. Multiple fatigue cracks, as well as favoured austenitic phase degeneration and intact ferritic phase. Fracture termination with little to no base metal deterioration is characterised by a delta-like micro crack structure and a curved course. The cavity in the immediate subsurface zone is most likely related to the first crack cavity with significant austenitic phase deterioration. Crack initiation can occur as a result of early pit development followed by depassivation, or as a result of local depassivation followed by pit formation — both mechanisms result in crack propagation and early failure.

Author(S) Details

Marcus Wolf
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Applied University of Berlin HTW, Berlin, Germany. and Federal Institute of Materials Research and Testing BAM, Berlin, Germany.

Anja Pfennig
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Applied University of Berlin HTW, Berlin, Germany.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RTCAMS-V4/article/view/4798

Human Controlled Wetland Project for Carbon Capture and Storage in the Venetian Lagoon, Italy | Chapter 1 | Challenging Issues on Environment and Earth Science Vol. 4

 Greenhouse gas sink projects in lagoon environments are unlikely to generate voluntary market carbon credits using current methodologies and standards such as VCS, Gold Standard, and so on. The sink of greenhouse gas CO2 in a human controlled Italian lagoon (Human Controlled Wetland or "valle da pesca") can now generate carbon credits for the voluntary carbon offset market, thanks to new PdR UNI 99:2021 (Italian Organization for Standardization) and the Italian National methodology "BNeutral." Since 2013, twelve H.C.W. "valle da pesca" performers have performed the project in four different locations inside and outside the Venetian Lagoon. These locations are in the Italian Venetian Lagoon (UNESCO). Europe, North Italy The balance of autotrophic and heterotrophic activities governs the CO2 sink. The sediment, with its highly active anoxic denitrification and benthic macroalgae production, serves as the primary CO2 storage tank in wetland shallow waters. A chemical and biological approach with multiple parameters has been published. A personalized continuous electronic device data logger installed inside the lagoon records data once per day for 364 days. Reduced light supply due to high turbidity caused by 1) natural meteorological anomalies or bird/fish feeding, 2) fresh water inlet, and 3) low algae presence, can reduce the carbon sink and carbon credit generation.

Author (s) Details

Mauro Doimi
Department of International and Environmental Research, Mestre-Venice 30171, Italy.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CIEES-V4/article/view/1620