Haemato-Biochemical Changes Following Ketamine Anaesthesia Combined with Diazepam, Butorphanol, and Xylazine in Buffalo Calves |Chapter 8 | Research Perspective on Biological Science Vol. 10

 

Intravenous general anaesthesia in large ruminants is simple and easy to administer as it requires no sophisticated instruments like inhalation anaesthesia. General anaesthesia, such as ketamine, is an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist and induces a state called dissociative anaesthesia, producing profound analgesia without muscle relaxation. Surgical conditions like laparotomy, repair of diaphragmatic hernia, prepubic tendon rupture, thoraco pericardiotomy, repair of ventral hernia, etc., requiring general anaesthesia are frequently encountered in buffaloes. This study was designed to evaluate the effect on various haematological and biochemical parameters following administration of ketamine anaesthesia along with glycopyrrolate-diazepam, glycopyrrolate-butorphanol and glycopyrrolate-xylazine as preanaesthetics in 18 non-descript buffalo calves and were divided into three groups (A, B and C) with six animals in each. All the calves were administered glycopyrrolate @ 0.01 mg/ kg body weight through the intramuscular route prior to anaesthetic administration. Then the calves in all groups A, B and C were administered diazepam @ 0.5 mg/kg body weight, butorphanol @ 0.075 mg/kg body weight and xylazine @ 0.16 mg/kg body weight, respectively, through the intravenous route. Further, general anaesthesia was induced with ketamine @ 4 mg/kg body weight intravenously. Haematological parameters such as haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), total erythrocyte count (TEC), total leucocyte count (TLC), differential leucocyte count (DLC) and biochemical parameters such as serum glucose, serum total protein, serum urea nitrogen and serum creatinine were estimated before sedation (0) and at 30, 60,120 min. and 6 hrs post ketamine anaesthesia. Statistical analysis was performed using Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan’s Multiple range tests (DMRT).  Haematological investigations indicated a non-significant (P>0.05) reduction in Hb, PCV, TEC, TLC, and DLC after ketamine anaesthesia across all groups. Hyperglycemia was observed in animals from all groups following ketamine anaesthesia. There was significant (P<0.05) increase in Serum Glucose (mg/dl) value in group A and C at 30 min and 60 min following diazepam-ketamine and xylazine-ketamine anaesthesia respectively, while in group B, there was non-significant (P>0.05) increase in Serum Glucose value at 15 min after butorphanol-ketamine anaesthesia   Other biochemical indicators such as total serum protein, serum urea nitrogen, and serum creatinine levels exhibited non-significant (P>0.05) variations at different time points but stayed within the normal physiological limits. Thus, it can be concluded that the combinations of glycopyrrolate-diazepam-ketamine, glycopyrrolate-butorphanol-ketamine, and glycopyrrolate-xylazine-ketamine do not have any harmful effects on vital organs, and the changes stayed within physiological limits. Therefore, ketamine can be used safely and effectively as an induction agent in buffalo calves for general anaesthesia.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Khichar Sangram Singh
Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary Science and A.H., Anjora, Durg (C.G.), Dau Shri Vasudev Chandrakar Kamdhenu Vishwavidyalya (DSVCKV), Chhattisgarh, India.

 

Rukmani Dewangan
Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary Science and A.H., Anjora, Durg (C.G.), Dau Shri Vasudev Chandrakar Kamdhenu Vishwavidyalya (DSVCKV), Chhattisgarh, India.

 

Raju Sharda
Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary Science and A.H., Anjora, Durg (C.G.), Dau Shri Vasudev Chandrakar Kamdhenu Vishwavidyalya (DSVCKV), Chhattisgarh, India.

 

Jasmeet Singh
Wildlife Health and Forensic Centre, College of Veterinary Science and A.H., Anjora, Durg (C.G.), Dau Shri Vasudev Chandrakar Kamdhenu Vishwavidyalya (DSVCKV), Chhattisgarh, India.

 

Muskan Sengar
Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary Science and A.H., Anjora, Durg (C.G.), Dau Shri Vasudev Chandrakar Kamdhenu Vishwavidyalya (DSVCKV), Chhattisgarh, India.

 

Ishant Kumar
Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary Science and A.H., Anjora, Durg (C.G.), Dau Shri Vasudev Chandrakar Kamdhenu Vishwavidyalya (DSVCKV), Chhattisgarh, India.

 

Likchavi Kurrey
Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary Science and A.H., Anjora, Durg (C.G.), Dau Shri Vasudev Chandrakar Kamdhenu Vishwavidyalya (DSVCKV), Chhattisgarh, India.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpbs/v10/7168

Effect of Season on Reproductive Efficiency of Murrah Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) Treated with Heatsynch Protocol | Chapter 12 | Advanced Research in Biological Science Vol. 5

 This affiliate evaluate the migratory efficacy on reproductive effectiveness of Murrah buffaloes treated accompanying the Heatynch protocol and changes in body tissue estrogen concentration to evaluate if the Heatsynch code induces estrus in Murrah buffaloes. Buffaloes trends to hatch mainly in cold season as compared to summer season in sweltering and subtropical countries. Reproductive adeptness is the primary determinant affecting productivity of water buffaloes. The study was completed activity at the experimental herd of the National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India from May to July 2006. Blood samples were composed from the jugular tone on alternate days from 20 days prior to treatment. All medicated animals replied to the treatment by effecting obvious signs of estrus. The mean plasma estrogen aggregation among the individual confuse was 191.9 ±68.3 pg / ml after Estradiol benzoate (EB) injection. The body tissue progesterone profile of these mammals indicated that from 16 animals 8 animals were acyclic before Heatsynch situation (8/16) as plasma progesterone concentrations in these mammals were basal (<0.24±0.01 ng/ml) for most of the examining period during the course of situation. This study indicates that Heatsynch contract is capable of encouraging estrus cycle in anestrous. The Heatsynch protocol can have apparent advantage in improving the fertility of buffaloes particularly since the technique can fool the need for heat detection. Following Heatsynch situation only two buffalo exhausted sixteen were acyclic (2/16) on the basis of their plasma progesterone description.  It is concluded that Murrah buffaloes maybe successfully persuaded to estrus using the Heatsynch procedure. The results concerning this study also displayed that, in Murrah buffaloes, a summertime Heatsynch procedure could result in a considerably higher birth rate.

Author(s) Details:

Krishna Mohan,
Centre of Excellence on Indigenous Breed (CoEIB), Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, India.

Nitu,
T.V.O., Department of Animal Husbandry & Fisheries, Government of Bihar, India.

B. S. Prakash,
National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana-132001, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ARBS-V5/article/view/12569

Pseudo-pericarditis: A Newest Finding for Diagnosis of Theileriosis in Large Ruminants| Chapter 13 | Newest Updates in Agriculture and Veterinary Science Vol. 1

 Theileriosis is individual of the burning healthcare issues in big ruminants. Pale mucus membrane, increased lymph nodes, coldness of some degree, and jaundice are typical and familiar dispassionate signs of theileriosis. One more clinical feature is disclosed, i.e., artificial-pericarditis, which can aid in diagnosis. It is a exceptional circulatory whole disorder that exhibits slight jugular satiation and edema up to the ventral tummy. The present chapter is more prominence on the new sign of theileriosis. History of frequent pyrexia, inappetence, respiratory distress, pertaining to the throat vein satiation, and thoracic and ventral edema are standard facial characteristics of pseudo-pericarditis associated with theileriosis. PCR maybe used to validate the results of ancestry smear and lymph bud aspiration examinations. Besides this, ultrasonography clinically helps diagnose anechoic fluid build-up around the essence. The animal can be effectively discussed with five-epoch parenteral Oxytetracycline, Meloxicam, Frusemide, and supportive hematinics. Gradually, the animal demonstrated signs of recovery within a temporal length of event or entity's existence and resumed sane appetite.

Author(s) Details:

Ankit S. Prajapati,
Department of Clinics, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Sardarkrushinagar, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NUAVS-V1/article/view/8566

Feasibility of Artificial Insemination Network for Egyptian Buffalo Development: A Literature Reviews | Chapter 13 | Research Aspects in Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences Vol. 1

 Egypt has a competitive advantage in milk production rather than red meat production, particularly from buffalo, according to literature evaluations. Furthermore, water resources are becoming increasingly restricted, limiting fodder acreage horizontal expansion. Furthermore, there is strong competition for available agricultural land resources between food and feed needs. As a result, horizontal dairy buffalo stock expansion is difficult. As a result, vertical expansion through improved milk output is the sole option for buffalo development in Egypt to address the existing domestic milk production gap. The Egyptian customer loves buffalo milk because of its vibrant colour and high total solids content, notably fat. Buffalo milk is more expensive than cow milk, yet its production is growing at a quicker rate than cow milk's. An artificial insemination (AI) network is being used to speed up the anticipated genetic improvement of buffalo milk output. A recent study [1] showed that the return on genetic investment in dairy buffalo might be achieved (IRR = 19.71%). Egypt, on the other hand, has only two AI-centers for selected buffalo sires, supplying four AI-units, according to official figures. As a result, the purpose of this research was to determine the feasibility of constructing an AI network in Egypt by evaluating (NPV, IRR, and payback period) as well as the sensitivity of the proposed programme to negative developments. An AI-unit of buffaloes' semen and an AI-Center for raising buffalo sires in the Nile Delta were used in the study, as well as data from a field survey. While the Egyptian economy's average discount rate was 17.5 percent, the predicted IRR for one AI-unit was roughly 35 percent under the most likely scenario, according to the data. IRRs of roughly 28 percent and 31 percent, respectively, would arise from a 10% fall in semen price and a 10% increase in insemination costs. The AI-projected center's IRR under the most likely circumstances was around 31%. A 10% decrease in the price of sperm and a 10% increase in feed costs or the price of the sire would result in 26 percent, 30 percent, or 28 percent savings, respectively. As a result, the lowest semen dose sale price is the most effective variable on the IRR. Unfavorable adjustments, on the other hand, would keep high-return investments in building a viable AI-Network for significantly expanding dairy buffalo milk yield.

Author (s) Details

Ibrahim Soliman
Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.

Ahmed F. Mashhour
Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/RAAVS-V1/article/view/2427