Management of Earhead Bug (Leptocorisa spp.) of Rice (Oryza sativa) Using Different Botanicals | Chapter 9 | Research Perspective on Biological Science Vol. 7

 

Rice (Oryza sativa), an important staple food crop consumed widely in Asian countries, is attacked by several pests. The crop is enriched with a high amount of carbohydrates, protein, and fats. It provides more than 1/5th of the calories consumed by humans worldwide. Among the pests, the Gundhi bug or ear head bug (Leptocorisa spp.) is one of the major pests of rice. Leptocorisa spp feeds on rice, leading to losses caused by empty spikelets, small and misshapen kernels, and pecky kernels with unsavoury black spots. Botanicals are now gaining importance to manage crop pests and protect the environment from the toxic effects of pesticides, causing pollution, which is a global concern. Therefore, the present study was undertaken in three consecutive kharif seasons from 2017 to 2019 at the Regional Research Station (Old Alluvial Zone), UBKV, Majhian, Dakshin Dinajpur, West Bengal, to evaluate bio-efficacy of different botanicals against rice ear head bug (Leptocorisa spp.). The experimental design was laid out in RBD (Randomised Block Design) using ten treatments and three replications. All the treatments were superior to the control. The mean pooled data of three years exhibited that the Neem Seed Kernel extracts 5%was recorded lowest population (1.80) and highest yield (27.03 quintal/ha) over control and followed by Neem oil 1% (2.08/hill), Pongamia seed kernal extract 5% (2.14/hill), Karanja oil 1% (2.30/hill), Jatropha leaf extract 10% (2.47/hill), Custard apple leaf extract 10% (2.56/hill), Jatropha leaf extract 5%( 2.92/hill)      and Custard apple leaf extract 5% (3.05/hill). The untreated control plot recorded the highest population of ear head bug (6.24 /hill) and the lowest grain yield (15.06 q/ha). Considering two parameter efficacy and yield, Neem Seed Kernel extracts 5% was found most effective treatment amongst the botanicals.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Tapas Kumar Hembram
Regional Research Station (Old Alluvial Zone), Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Dakshin Dinajpur, West Bengal-733133, India.

 

Md. Ali Azgar
Regional Research Station (Old Alluvial Zone), Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Dakshin Dinajpur, West Bengal-733133, India.

 

Rakesh Yonzone
College of Agriculture (Extended Campus), Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Dakshin Dinajpur, West Bengal-733133, India.

 

Dipak Kumar Murmu
Regional Research Station (Old Alluvial Zone), Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Dakshin Dinajpur, West Bengal-733133, India.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpbs/v7/6395

Botanical Defenders: Evaluating the Antibacterial Potential of Allium cepa, Allium sativum, and Solanum trilobatum against Bacterial Flacherie in Bombyx mori L. |Chapter 3 | Microbiology and Biotechnology Research: An Overview Vol. 3

Bacterial resistance continues to pose a significant global threat, largely driven by the excessive and inappropriate use of conventional antibiotics. This crisis necessitates the development of alternative, eco-friendly antimicrobial agents, particularly those derived from medicinal plants. Botanicals offer several advantages over synthetic drugs, including lower toxicity, reduced side effects, and cost-effectiveness. The present study evaluates the antimicrobial efficacy of three potent medicinal plants—Allium cepa (onion), Allium sativum (garlic), and Solanum trilobatum—against bacterial flacherie in the mulberry silkworm (Bombyx mori L.), a disease primarily caused by Bacillus thuringiensis and other pathogenic bacteria. Aqueous extracts of these plants were examined both in vitro and in vivo to assess their antibacterial properties. The results demonstrated significant inhibitory activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains associated with silkworm infections. These findings underline the potential of plant-based formulations as effective, sustainable alternatives for managing bacterial diseases in sericulture. Incorporating phytotherapeutic agents into silkworm health management could reduce dependency on chemical antibiotics and promote environmentally responsible practices.

 

Author (s) Details

G. S. Anantha Selvi
Department of Zoology, S.T. Hindu College, Nagercoil -629002 Tamil Nadu, India.

 

Shenbagamoorthy Sundarraj

Department of Zoology, V. O. Chidambaram College, Thoothukudi – 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mbrao/v3/5338

Botanical Defenders: Evaluating the Antibacterial Potential of Allium cepa, Allium sativum, and Solanum trilobatum against Bacterial Flacherie in Bombyx mori L. |Chapter 3 | Microbiology and Biotechnology Research: An Overview Vol. 3

 

Bacterial resistance continues to pose a significant global threat, largely driven by the excessive and inappropriate use of conventional antibiotics. This crisis necessitates the development of alternative, eco-friendly antimicrobial agents, particularly those derived from medicinal plants. Botanicals offer several advantages over synthetic drugs, including lower toxicity, reduced side effects, and cost-effectiveness. The present study evaluates the antimicrobial efficacy of three potent medicinal plants—Allium cepa (onion), Allium sativum (garlic), and Solanum trilobatum—against bacterial flacherie in the mulberry silkworm (Bombyx mori L.), a disease primarily caused by Bacillus thuringiensis and other pathogenic bacteria. Aqueous extracts of these plants were examined both in vitro and in vivo to assess their antibacterial properties. The results demonstrated significant inhibitory activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains associated with silkworm infections. These findings underline the potential of plant-based formulations as effective, sustainable alternatives for managing bacterial diseases in sericulture. Incorporating phytotherapeutic agents into silkworm health management could reduce dependency on chemical antibiotics and promote environmentally responsible practices.

 

Author (s) Details

G. S. Anantha Selvi
Department of Zoology, S.T. Hindu College, Nagercoil -629002 Tamil Nadu, India.

 

Shenbagamoorthy Sundarraj

Department of Zoology, V. O. Chidambaram College, Thoothukudi – 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mbrao/v3/5338

Use of Botanical as Cereal Crop Preservative: Effort towards Mitigating Climate Change | Chapter 2 | Research Advances and Challenges in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 3

 Cereals are a staple in most people's diets around the world and are consumed in both developing and developed countries. They are necessary for human nutrition, as they are used to make pasta, bread, cakes, and sweets, as well as for industrial and agricultural purposes. However, deteriorating agents such as molds, bacteria, and yeasts can infect them. Molds are the most common cause because of their moisture-dependent growth, but bacteria and yeast also play a role. Grains are predisposed to spoilage by bacteria or molds due to environmental conditions such as moisture, temperature, and pH, as well as grain properties and physical damage. Climate, as well as physical and chemical elements, influence grain cultivation and storage, which in turn influences the types and rates of microbial deterioration. Insect pests, such as beetle pests, moths, and mites, have a substantial impact on grain quality during storage. They induce weight loss, a decrease in nutritional content, odour changes, mold growth, and heat damage, rendering grains unfit for animal or human consumption. Botanicals, derived from plants, are used as natural insecticides for their therapeutic, medicinal, and pesticidal properties. These natural insecticides can be made into various forms, including cakes, powders, liquid extracts, and mesh bags. Due to the increasing food and environmental toxicity of conventional insecticides and pesticides, the use of botanicals is increasing to protect crops against bacterial, fungal, insect, and nematode diseases. Botanical pesticides can be chemically classified as alkaloids, flavonoids, essential oils, glycosides, esters, and fatty acids. There are four main groups of botanical pesticides currently used in agriculture: Pyrethrum, Neem-based pesticides, Rotenone, and Plant essential oils. These botanical pesticides are environmentally friendly, and their efficacy has been well documented by scientists and farmers. The economic burden of crop spoilage is significant, particularly in developing nations that are facing food shortages and malnutrition. This review is intended to stimulate upscaling of research on discovery and development of biopesticides, and understanding pesticides' multifunctional action is crucial for improving sustainability and the quality of botanicals used, which are affordable alternatives to prevent food shortages in developing nations.

Author(s) Details:

Adeniran Lateef Ariyo,
Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Nigeria.

Poroye Oluwatosin Mercy,
Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Nigeria.

Echi Cecilia Ebi,
Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Nigeria.

Ajagbonna Olatunde Peter,
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RACAS-V3/article/view/13262

Botanical Plant Products against Insect Pests of Rice | Chapter 5 | Cutting-edge Research in Agricultural Sciences Vol.1

 Rice is an important major crop which feeds half of the world population. Insect pests are major biotic

constraint in the rice production and considerable yield reduction hampered the productivity in the rice
growing regions of Asian countries. Though, insecticides offer better control of insect pests there are
several problems associated with the use of synthetic chemicals. The growing knowledge of
environmental safety and ecosystem conservation techniques urge to change to strategy for insect
pest management to switch to non-chemical approaches. Botanicals and plant products are excellent
alternate strategy for the efficient pest management without disturbing ecological balance. Rice
ecosystem has rich biodiversity including the natural biological control agents and wetland diversity.
To protect beneficial organisms as well as wetland ecosystem the use of synthetic chemicals should
be discouraged. This chapter reviewed different botanical plant products that can be used for insect
pest management in rice. The effect of botanicals was deal under different subheading, viz., impact
on sucking pests, chewing insects, storage insects, natural enemies and integrated pest management
of rice cultivation.

Author(s) Details

Dr. R. P. Soundararajan
Horticultural College and Research Institute (Women), Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Navalur Kuttapattu, Trichy – 620027,
Tamil Nadu, India.

Dr. M. Chandrasekaran
Horticultural College and Research Institute (Women), Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Navalur Kuttapattu, Trichy – 620027,
Tamil Nadu, India.

Dr. N. Chitra
Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore – 641003, Tamil Nadu, India.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/229