Subjective Cognitive Decline in the Elderly: Concept, Diagnosis, Status, and Influencing Factors | Chapter 1 | Disease and Health: Research Developments Vol. 7

Background: Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) may precede mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and its diagnosis and intervention play a significant role in promoting the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

Objective: To review the evolution of the SCD concept, diagnostic approaches, prevalence rates, and key influencing factors.

Methods: Using literature retrieval, with "subjective cognitive decline+the elderly" "subjective cognitive decline+elder people" or "subjective cognitive decline+old people" as the keywords, empirical papers published in English or Chinese in the past 20 years were reviewed from Google Scholar, Pubmed, CNKI, and Wanfang Database.

Results: Sixty articles were included. Previous studies have shown that the definition of SCD has undergone four stages over 43 years, with gradually evolving definitions and criteria over time. The diagnosis of SCD includes assessment with scales and laboratory testing, but there is a lack of standardized diagnostic procedures and gold standards for testing. The prevalence of SCD in the elderly ranges from 17.4% to 80.0%, with significant regional differences.  The influencing factors of SCD in the elderly involve multiple levels and dimensions, including demographic variables, psychological factors, social factors, and biomedical factors. 

Conclusion: SCD is common among the elderly and can greatly hinder their physical and mental health as well as quality of life. Future research should focus on developing standardized diagnostic criteria, establishing universally accepted testing methods, and conducting large-scale longitudinal and cross-cultural studies to better understand the trajectory of SCD.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Hou Yongmei
Department of Psychology, School of Humanities and Management, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong Province, 523808, China.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/dhrd/v7/4490

Phytochemical Components of Snowdrops & Their Use in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease | Chapter 5 | Research Developments in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 7

 Natural peoples of Galanthus (Snowdrop) species are coarse in many parts of Europe, Southern Europe, the Balkans, Turkey, Iran, and the Caucasus mountain range. Galanthus is a member of the Amaryllidaceae classification, and alkaloids such as galantamine caused by some of the plants concerning this group have long-acting, selective, erratic and competitive inhibitory properties. It has existed known because ancient times, particularly by the local people use the Caucasus, that the active phytochemicals held in snowdrops are effective against crumbling, curing polio and senility. Based on these observational studies, as a result of experimental studies that started in the 1950s, alkaloid derivative elements effective on a a lot of neurons from snowdrop (Galanthus) species were isolated. These parts are currently being intentional for different purposes in exploratory and clinical studies. Galantamine, individual of these components, is currently secondhand in the treatment of afflictions caused by affecting animate nerve organs degeneration in the way that Alzheimer's and dementia. In this study, the possible healing effects of snowdrop parts, which are rich in few alkaloids such as galantamine, on Alzheimer's disease and dementia were checked.

Author(s) Details:

Haydar Oztas,
A. Kelesoglu Education Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkiye.

Fulya Oztas,
Selcuk University, Vocational High, Konya, Turkey.

Mustafa Turkmen,
Department of Biology, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMS-V7/article/view/10071

Impact of a Marine Algae against Oxidative Stress Induced Alzheimers in Animal Model | Chapter 8 | New Visions in Biological Science Vol. 1

 Aluminium is a neurotoxic metal that causes neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Due to its existence in food, air, water, pharmaceuticals, and as floculating agents in the water purification process, chronic exposure to it is a genuine possibility. Controlling its toxicity through natural sources is crucial, hence the current study looked at the neuroprotective potential of Sargassum ilicifolium against aluminium induction. To produce cognitive impairment in rats, 100mg/kg b.wt of aluminium chloride was given orally. The ethanolic extract and ethyl acetate fraction of doses 100, 200, 400mg/kg and 200mg/kg, respectively, were chosen and administered from the 21st day of aluminium induction to the 40th day, and behavioural studies, antioxidant studies, neurotransmitter estimation, and finally histopathological studies were performed in drug-treated animals. The study found a possible neuroprotective impact via improving learning memory status in behavioural trials, reversing stress-induced free radicals, and increasing the levels of neurotransmitters involved in memory consolidation.

Author (S) Details

M. Sumithra
SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM University, Kattankulathur, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVBS-V1/article/view/3176

An Efficient and Industrially Scalable Total Synthesis of Anti-Alzheimer Drug Donepezil | Chapter 3 | Current Perspectives on Chemical Sciences Vol. 8

 Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that begins slowly and worsens over time. Individuals with Alzheimer's disease experience a reversal of mental health roles, leaving them incapacitated and unable to perform everyday activities. The elderly are the ones that are most often affected by this disease. However, research suggests that people as young as 40 years old may be affected. It is a form of dementia that has no cure and leads to death over time. Donepezil is a well-known Alzheimer's disease treatment. The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved donepezil hydrochloride as the second drug for the treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD). It's a new kind of acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor with an N-benzylpiperidine and an indanone moiety that works for longer and more selectively. Donepezil HCl is a piperidine derivative that is chemically distinct from other AChE inhibitors. It is a highly selective inhibitor of the enzyme AChE. Donepezil is much more selective for AChE in the brain than for butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) in the periphery, according to in vitro and preclinical studies. This chapter discusses various methods for synthesising donepezil, as well as an enhanced, industrially scalable complete synthesis. Physical and pharmacological properties are also included.

Author (s) Details

Associate Professor Dr. Santosh L. Gaonkar
Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CPCS-V8/issue/view/43