Free Fatty Acids Extraction from Palm Oil Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide: A Phase Equilibrium Feasibility Approach | Chapter 12 | Research Aspects in Chemical and Materials Sciences Vol. 1

 Saturated fatty acids from palm oil are represented in this work using co-solvent modified supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO 2). Saturated fatty acids are abundant in palm oil. The purpose of this study is to see if phase equilibrium mutual solubility techniques employing supercritical carbon dioxide are feasible. Understanding the phase equilibrium is one of the most important aspects of analysing the design of extraction processes guided by the equilibrium. The temperatures used for extraction were 313.15 and 353.15 K, with pressures ranging from 60 to 180 bars. A thermodynamic model based on the Universal Functional Activity Coefficient was used to estimate the activity coefficients expression for the system carbon dioxide / fatty acid (UNIFAC). Adsorption, diffusion, mass transfer coefficient, solubility, and desorption were all determined using mass transfer modelling.

Author(s) Details:

Mario Kabbour,
University Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.

Hiba Soufan,
Heriot-Watt University, 38103 Dubai, UAE.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RACMS-V1/article/view/7110

Detailed Study on Synthesis, Characterization and Solubility Determination of 6-phenyl-pyridazin-3(2H)-one in Different Pharmaceutical Solvents | Chapter 8 | Current Advances in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 2

The synthesis, characterization, determination of solubility and solution thermodynamic properties of the cardiovascular drug 6-phenylpyridazine-3(2H)-one (PPD) in 12 different pharmaceutical solvents is proposed for this analysis at temperatures 'T = 298.2-318.2 K' and pressure 'p = 0.1 MPa.' The calculated solubilities of PPD were regressed well with "van't Hoff and Apelblat models". Using differential scanning calorimetry and powder X-ray diffractometry, the solid phases of pure and balanced PPD were characterized and the results showed no conversion of PPD into solvates/hydrates/polymorphs after balance. Dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO] (0.473), polyethylene glycol-400 [PEG-400] (0.412), Transcutol® (0.346), ethyl acetate [EA] (6.81 x 10-2), 2-butanol (2.18 x 10-2), 1-butanol (2.11 x 10-2), propylene glycol [PG] (1.50 x 10-2), isopropyl alcohol [IPA] (1.44 x 10-2), ethylene glycol [EG] (1.27 x 10-2), ethylene glycol [PG] (1.27 x 10-2), ethanol alcohol [IPA] (1.44 x 10-2), and ethylene glycol [EG] (1.27 x 10-2), (1.26 x 10-5). At other temperatures studied, similar trends were also reported. An endothermic and entropy-driven dissolution of PPD in all pharmaceutical solvents was observed in the results of thermodynamic evaluation. The results of the activity coefficients showed maximum molecular interaction in PPD-DMSO, PPD-PEG-400 and PPD-Transcutol relative to other solvent and solvent combinations tested. In conclusion, the findings of this study show that in the solubilization of PPD, pharmaceutical solvents such as DMSO, PEG-400 and Tarnscutol could be successfully used.

Author (s) Details

Dr. Faiyaz Shakeel
Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.

Dr. Mohd. Imran
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 919111, Saudi Arabia.

Dr. Nazrul Haq
Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CACB-V2/issue/view/16