The Stokes Parameters in the Group-Theoretic Scheme of Quantum Mechanics | Chapter 1 | Theory and Applications of Physical Science Vol. 4

The hidden parameters problem in quantum mechanics is considered here on the base of grouptheoretic approach which includes the complete set of observables indispensably. The last ones are the bilinear Hermitian forms constructed from the Schroedinger equation solutions and its first derivatives, they satisfy the algebraic completeness condition and coincide with the well known Stokes parameters. These Hermitian forms, obtained for the simplest standard problem of particle transmission above potential step, had been compared with the Hermitian forms which are usually considered in this problem, and an additional ones, which may be obtained within the framework of an ordinary schemes of quantum mechanics. It is shown that the generally recognized schemes of the problem solution lead to violation of some conservation laws on the step directly. On the contrary, thegroup-theoreticapproachleadstofulfillmentofallnecessaryconservationlawseverywhereatthe same time. It is also shown that the complete set of observables leads a probabilistic interpretation in quantum mechanics to be excessive.

Author(s) Details

Nicolay V. Lunin
Volga State University of Water Transport, Nizhny Novgorod, Nesterov str., 5, Russia.

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Experimental and Theoretical Content of Uncertainty Relations in the Group-theoretic Scheme of Quantum Mechanics | Chapter 6 | Theory and Applications of Physical Science Vol. 4

Compatibility of conservation laws and the uncertainty concept is considered. It is shown that the last one does not enter known mathematical sets suitable for physical theory and compatible with conservation laws at the same time. It is established theoretical origin of uncertainty relations, this is connected with the group-theoretic approach. The last one also demonstrates existence of relationship between non-commutativity and irreversibility. Connection of group-theoretic approach with experimental data is also considered.

Author(s) Details

Nicolay V. Lunin
Volga State University of Water Transport, Nizhny Novgorod, Nesterov str., 5, Russia.

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Large-scale Channel Modeling and Measurements for 10 GHz in Indoor Environments: Recent Development | Chapter 5 | Theory and Applications of Physical Science Vol. 4

With the advent of 5G mobile communication and researches on propagation of large-scale channel modeling for frequencies above 6 GHz, measurement campaigns were performed at 10 GHz with horn-type directional antennas in a corridor and a computer room within the Electrical and Computer Engineering Laboratories’ first floor, at Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Brazil. This paper presents data obtained through said campaigns, channel modeling with co-polarizations V-V and H-H and cross-polarization V-H in line-of-sight (LoS) or non-line-of-sight (NLoS) conditions. The large-scale Close in Reference is sustained by a comprehensive analysis, considering propagation mechanisms such as reflection and diffraction. Results demonstrate that the established model had inferior standard deviation in relation to measured data, proving itself more significant to propagation in indoor environments.

Author (s) Details

Iury S. Batalha
Laboratorio de Computacão e Telecomunicações (LCT), Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belem 66045-110, Brazil.

Jasmine P. L. Araújo
Laboratorio de Computacão e Telecomunicações (LCT), Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belem 66045-110, Brazil

Fabrício J. B. Barros
Laboratorio de Computacão e Telecomunicações (LCT), Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belem 66045-110, Brazil.

Bruno L. S. Castro
Laboratorio de Computacão e Telecomunicações (LCT), Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belem 66045-110, Brazil.

Gervásio P. S. Cavalcante
Laboratorio de Computacão e Telecomunicações (LCT), Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belem 66045-110, Brazil.

Evaldo G. Pelaes
Laboratorio de Computacão e Telecomunicações (LCT), Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belem 66045-110, Brazil.

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Recent Study Trend Analysis in Ecological Status and Macrophytic Characterization of Watercourses: Case of the Semois-Chiers Basin, Belgium Wallonia | Chapter 9 | International Research in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 1

In order to analyze the distribution and evolution of the aquatic vegetation and ecological status of the Semois-Chiers basin (Semois sub-basin and Chiers sub-basin), macrophyte surveys were con- ducted at 48 sites in 2007 and 2013. Environmental parameters were also measured in order to characterize the water bodies in terms of physicochemical properties and anthropogenic pressure. The two-way clustering and indicator value (INDVAL) methods were used to assess groups of sites according to their macrophytic composition and species communities. The results showed a clear difference between streams in the Lorraine area (calcareous watercourses) and in the Ardennes (siliceous). Within each natural region, those with natural vegetation of high ecological status were separated from those dominated by resistant species. The Macrophytical Biological Index for Rivers (IBMR) was calculated for the sites visited in 2010 and 2013 and the results show a trend towards an increase of IBMR values of polluted sites. For the latter, the Wilcoxon test was performed to assess the significance of the difference in quality between 2010 and 2013. This showed a statistically significant difference (p-value = 0.035). Our results showed similarities with previous data, as well as some differences. The differences observed might indicate a gradual change in the composition of the vegetation in the study area, which was caused by changes in environmental conditions. They could also reflect a lack of information about the ecology of certain groups of plants, mainly bryophytes and macroalgae that were not considered in previous studies. Despite the measures implemented under the EU’s Water Framework Directive (WFD), the cur- rent vegetation of the Semois river differs little from that observed in 1996. The headwaters of a Semois river, described in previous studies   as polytrophic and devoid of vegetation, show a slight improvement, with the appearance of macrophytic species. In some parts of the Chiers sub-basin, however, resistant species observed in 1999 persist.

Author (s) Details

Sossey-Alaoui Khadija
Department of Environmental Sciences and Management (DSGE), University of Liege, Arlon, Belgium.

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Determination of Physico-chemical Nature and Water Quality Index of Groundwater in Erode District (Perundurai) | Chapter 8 | International Research in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 1

This paper presents the study on the physico-chemical parameters of Groundwater samples collected at nine stations at the radius of 10 km as  center as SIPCOT industries Perundurai in Erode district. The quality of Ground Water samples are compared to the water quality index for the drinking purpose. The water quality index is calculated by the help of parameter sample results like Turbidity, Electrical Conductivity, Total dissolved solids, Total Alkalinity, Sodium, Iron, Calcium, pH, Total Hardness, Magnesium, Manganese, Nitrate, Chloride, Fluoride, Sulphate, Ammonia, Phosphate through formulae. Finally, the comparison of quality of Groundwater on basis of Water quality index done on collected sample stations. The calculated water quality index results shows that 22.22% falls in the Excellent to Good water category. On the other hand 44.44% falls in the poor to very poor water category indicating the water is not suitable for drinking and need further treatment.

Author (s) Details

K. Santhosh Kumaar 
Department of Civil Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, Erode-638060, Tamil nadu, India.

Dr. N. Muralimohan
Department of Civil Engineering, K.S.R. College of Engineering, Namakkal-637215, Tamil nadu, India.

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Quantifying the Negative Impacts of Damming River Omo on Lake Turkana Communities’ Consequent Conflicts: Brief Overview | Chapter 7 | International Research in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 1

The aim of this study was to outline and do a preliminary quantification of the impact of damming the Omo River on the communities of people settled around Lake Turkana and the potential resulting conflicts.  Lake Turkana, Africa’s fourth largest lake and the world’s largest desert lake, is in Kenya’s northern arid and semi-arid lands. The lake is mainly sustained by the inflows of Ethiopia’s River Omo. The people in this region subsist mainly through pastoralism. The human and livestock population in this region has significantly risen over time. The Gibe III Project which included damming of the Omo River to create one of the world’s largest dams was completed in 2015. By the end of the project, the annual Omo River’s inflow to Lake Turkana was significantly reduced, following the filling of the reservoir formed by the River Omo’s gorge. The project threatens the livelihood of communities depending on Lake Turkana and its ecosystem. Remote sensing images were used to determine the changes of the lake and surrounding land. The GIS imagery used for this purpose was acquired from the USGS website. The images for different periods of time were paired for visual comparison and appreciation of changes with respect to years. Observations of imagery and preliminary measurements indicate significant lake boundary changes, indicating an overall decline. This decline has potential deleterious impact of the sustainability and livelihood of the people in areas surrounding Lake Turkana.

Author (s) Details
John Bosco Namwamba
Department of Urban Forestry and Natural Resources, Southern University and A&M College, 102 Fisher Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70813, USA

Dr. Yaw A. Twumasi
Department of Urban Forestry and Natural Resources, Southern University and A&M College, 102 Fisher Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70813, USA.  

Dr. Fulbert Namwamba
Department of Geography and Geosciences, Salisbury University, 1101 Camden Ave, Salisbury, MD 21801, United States

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Satellite Based Oil Spill Monitoring and Detection in Oceanic World Using Adaptive Threshold Techniques: Advanced Study | Chapter 11 | International Research in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 1

In this paper an adaptive threshold Techniques has been used which aimed to solve problem of oil spills in oceanic world. As we know oil spill is the biggest issue faced by marine species to overcome this problem an adaptive threshold method is applied for automatic monitoring and detection of oil spills in the ocean. This research is implemented using SAR RADARSAT-2 Narrow single beam data acquired in the Gulf of Mexico SAR image. The study demonstrates occurrence of oil spill in the ocean using image data obtained from the different satellite and detection of dark patches and bands in the images with low time complexity. In conclusion, adaptive threshold can be used as a tool for automatic detection of oil spill and SAR satellite image serves as an excellent sensor for oil spill detection and surveying.

Author (s) Details

Dr. Mukta Jagdish
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Oil spill Disaster Management, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India.

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