Morphometric Appraisal of Human Atlas and Axis Vertebrae with Its Clinical Implications | Book Publisher International

The Atlas and Axis vertebrae are an integral part of a highly specialised anatomical region called as cranio-vertebral junction, which is responsible for critical neurovascular protection and dynamic head and neck movement. This study was conducted on 50 dry human Atlas and 50 Axis vertebrae from an Indian population at the Department of Anatomy, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi. The aim of the study was to evaluate the morphometric details, to compare the right and left-sided morphometric values and to explore any morphological variations of the Atlas and Axis vertebrae. The statistical analysis was also carried out. Mean A-P diameter of Atlas vertebrae was 41.88. The distance from the lateral most edge of the FT to the tip of TP of the right was 9.19 mm and 8.28 mm on the left side, respectively. The significant difference of 0.049 was observed between the two sides C1 vertebrae. In one specimen, a hook-shaped bony projection was observed emanating from the superior aspect of TP. This bony projection tapered gradually and was directed antero-medially. The mean height of the dens was 13.95 mm. The mean length of the SAF of C2 on the right side was found to be 16.80 mm and 16.85 mm on the left side. No significant statistical difference was found between the two sides. The mean width of the right SAF was 16.12 mm and 15.2 mm on the left side. A statistically significant difference of 0.042 was observed in the mean width of the SAF on the two sides C2 vertebrae. The study underscores the need for population-specific anatomical data to enhance surgical planning and reduce the risk of injury to vital neurovascular structures.

 

Author (s) Details

Neha Xalxo
Department of Anatomy, AIIMS, Rajkot, Gujarat, India.

 

Vandana Mehta
Department of Anatomy, VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India.

 

Ajay Kumar Patel
Department of Anatomy, AIIMS, Deoghar, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-49970-51-9

Study on Muscle Pedicle Graft in Avascular Necrosis Femoral Head | Chapter 5 | New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 8

 The goal of this study was to see how efficient a muscle pedicle graft is in treating avascular necrosis (AVN) of the head of the femur in Grade 1 and Grade 2 AVN of the femoral head, as well as grade 1 and grade 2 as a head sparing operation.

Method: Perfusion analysis was performed using the pixel count in Tc-99 bone scan single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) through a standardised approach of assessment at six monthly intervals. Comparisons of the scan and counts at each interval were utilised to determine if and to what degree the operation was effective. The cases were followed up on for at least two years.

The comparative ratios were found to have an impact on clinical improvement and might be utilised as a predictor variable for the result. They showed a strong predictive value as well.

Conclusions: The patient benefits from a muscle pedicle transplant in Grade 1 and Grade 2 AVN femoral heads. The Tc-99 bone scan SPECT analysis can be used as a monitor and can reasonably anticipate the outcome and unfavourable outcomes.

Author (S) Details

Rakesh Bhargava
(Retired) N I M S & R Jaipur Former, Department of Orthopaedics, S M S Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NFMMR-V8/article/view/3108

Recent Morphometric Analysis of Axis Vertebra in Subjects of Indian Origin | Chapter 6 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 6

 Background: The axis vertebra has a wide range of morphometric variability, and essential neurovascular structures are located nearby. Neurosurgeons, orthopaedicians, otorhynologists, and other clinicians who deal with spinal problems and their repercussions on a daily basis need to be aware of this variability.

The purpose of this study was to examine various morphometric parameters of axis vertebrae and compare them to existing data.

Materials and Methods: The Department of Anatomy at Dayanand Medical College and Hospital in Ludhiana studied 50 desiccated human axis vertebrae of Indian origin. Measurements were taken with vernier callipers, metric scales, and graph paper. The dimensions were measured in millimetres, and the paired t-test was used to do statistical analysis.

The mean of the Superior Articular Facet (SAF) maximum anteroposterior diameter (max.APD) and maximum transverse diameter (max.TD) was 17.42mm1.73 and 15.31mm1.44 on the right side, and 17.64mm1.51 and 15.17mm1.48 on the left side. The mean distance from the SAF's lateral most edge to the midline on the right and left sides was 22.56mm 2.37 and 22.40mm 2.16, respectively. The mean distance from the tip of the transverse process to the midline on the right was 26.45mm 2.85, whereas it was 26.03mm 2.64 on the left. Dens' average height was 13.83mm 1.52mm, and their average width was 9.57mm 0.85mm. On the right and left sides, the width of the pedicle was 10.52mm 1.99 and 10.61mm 1.67, respectively.

Conclusion: Knowing these measurements can aid in the design of safe osseous fixation.

Author (s) Details

Dr. Jasveen Kaur
Department of Anatomy, Punjab Institute of Medical Sciences Jalandhar, Punjab, India.

Kamaljeet Kaur
Department of Anatomy, Punjab Institute of Medical Sciences Jalandhar, Punjab, India.

Poonam Singh
Department of Anatomy, DMCH, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.

Ajay Kumar
Department of Anatomy, DMCH, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMS-V6/article/view/2107