Endomorphic Investigations on Foliar Epidermis of Some Acanthaceae | Chapter 9 | Contemporary Research and Perspectives in Biological Science Vol. 9

Of late, Indian research workers investigated the occurrence, structure, development and taxonomic significance of foliar epidermal features of the family. This contribution communicates observations on foliar epidermal characteristics of hitherto uninvestigated 22 species pertaining to 17 genera of the family Acanthaceae. Except for a few other types, the diacytic type of stomata is generally observed. The other types are rarely to occasionally noted on the same foliar surface. The other foliar features such as stomatal index and frequency, types of subsidiaries, stomatal abnormalities, cell inclusions, cell wall contours, etc. are presented in detail. Their systematic value is pertinently, earmarked especially at specific rank. The stomates although mostly diacytic type show the features e.g. distribution of stomata, types of subsidiaries, cell wall contours, presence/absence of cystoliths, their distribution and other characteristics that appear important in the identification of different taxa at specific ranks.  

 

Author (s) Details

 

Patil, A.M.
Department of Botany, Rani Laxmibai College, Parola-425111, District Jalgaon, Maharashtra, India.

 

D.A. Patil
P.G. Department of Botany, S.S.V.P.S’s L.K. Dr. P.R. Ghogrey Science College, Dhule – 424005, Maharashtra, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpbs/v9/4075

Role of Abscisic Acid under Water Deficit Stress in Plants | Chapter 4 | Contemporary Research and Perspectives in Biological Science Vol. 10

Abscisic Acid (ABA) and water deficit stress are interlinked to each other. A deficit of water induces the synthesis of ABA for an increase of osmoprotectants, antioxidants and membrane stability as well as a decrease in water loss. The phytohormone that induces the factor for the protection of plant under stress is known as an antistress phytohormone and Abscisic acid (ABA) is a well-known antistress phytohormone that saves the plant from adverse water deficit stress in cells. Its concentration increases when plants sense water deficit stress and its signal transduction pathway activates leading to cellular responses to activate the genes. It stimulates stomatal closure, change in gene expression and adaptive morpho-physiological responses. Light regulates stomata opening and ABA promotes partial or complete closure of stomata. The closure of stomata reduces the loss of water by transpiration which accounts for approximately 90% through its pore. At the same time, complete stomatal closure prevents the exchange of gases through its pore resulting in the decrease of the Calvin cycle and eventually reduction of biomass. Moreover, the efflux of water decreases and influx increases in the cell due to the synthesis of water-capturing compatible solutes viz. proline, glycine betaine, sugars (sucrose, fructose, trehalose), polyols (sorbitol, mannitol, arabinitol, glycerol), etc. which are induced by ABA. However, proline and glycine betaine are prominent among all these compatible solutes. Thus, ABA regulates the factors that help the plant cope up the water deficit stress. Proline biosynthesis in chloroplasts reached up to 80% during stress as compared to 5% in normal which facilitates the electron flow between photosynthetic excitation centers and maintains a low NADPH:NADP ratio in cells.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Kamal Kant
Aspee Shakilam Biotechnology Institute, Navsari Agricultural University, Surat,India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpbs/v10/4263