Understanding of Quantum Mechanics as a Theory Based on General Relativity | Chapter 8 | Current Research Progress in Physical Science Vol. 4

In this paper, the quantum dynamics was obtained in the framework of the general theory of relativity, where a quantum particle is described by a distribution of matter, with amplitude functions of the matter density, in the two conjugate spaces of the spatial coordinates and of the momentum, called wave functions. For a free particle, these wave functions are conjugate wave packets in the coordinate and momentum spaces, with time-dependent phases proportional to the relativistic Lagrangian, as the wave velocities in the coordinate space are equal to the distribution velocity described by the wave packet in this space. From the wave velocities of the particle wave functions, Lorentz’s force and the Maxwell equations were obtained. From the wave/group equation in the momentum space describing the Lorentz force, the expressions of the electric and magnetic fields as functions of the electric potential conjugated to time and of the vector potential conjugated to the coordinates in the particle-field Lagrangian were obtained. With these expressions, the electric and magnetic fields that satisfy the Faraday-Maxwell law of electromagnetic induction and the two Gauss-Maxwell laws of these fields were obtained. The Ampère-Maxwell law is obtained only by taking into account the physical consistency of the matter-field interaction of the equality of the propagation field velocity with the maximum relativistic velocity c. For a quantum particle in the electromagnetic field, dynamic equations in the coordinate and momentum spaces and the particle and antiparticle wave functions were obtained. It was shown that the electromagnetic potentials as functions of the coordinates describing the matter distribution of the quantum particle do not alter this distribution – under the action of an electromagnetic a quantum particle moves as a whole. The scattering or tunneling rate in an electromagnetic field, for the two possible cases, with the spin conservation, or inversion, were obtained. This description of a quantum particle as a distribution of matter with a density amplitude/wavefunction of the form of a wave packet, with the time-dependent phase proportional to the relativistic Lagrangian as a function of the metric tensor including also the gravitational field, enables the application of this theory in quantum gravity and quantum field theory in agreement with general relativity.

 

Author (s) Details

Eliade Stefanescu
Advanced Studies in Physics Centre of the Romanian Academy, Academy of Romanian Scientists, Bucharest, Romania.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpps/v4/2925

Investigating the Vis-NIR Spectral and Structural Properties of the Cerebral Cortex in Human Brain Tissues | Chapter 3 | Current Perspective to Physical Science Research Vol. 1

 The objective of the study search out measure the optical features of gray matter in the cerebral peridium in a spectral range of 400–1100 nm, containing attenuation coefficients, scattering coefficients, uneven efficiency, and estimates of the seepage depth for optical image. The study aims to identify assimilation peaks and investigate structural possessions, such as neuron mass, using Beer's law and the Mie model. The judgments contribute to evolving noninvasive diagnostic imaging methods and therapies in the forthcoming-infrared (NIR) range for the using one's brain cortex in the human brain. Gray matter in the outer layer of the using one's brain cortex plays a significant part in information processes, to a degree reasoning and planning, apart from influencing data, emotion, memory, and vocabulary. In this paper, measurements of the ocular properties, such as the debilitation coefficients, scattering coefficients, uneven efficiency, and the infiltration depth of gray matter in the using one's brain cortex were calculated in the fresh brain fabric of a healthy human male at a ghostly range of 400–1100 nm. Determining the optical properties of the brain is important for evolving NIR noninvasive diagnostic imaging methods and therapies. The assimilation spectra of the gray matter tissues got here accompanied clear peaks at 550 and 580 nm due to oxyhemoglobin (HbO2) and at 970 nm due to water. The likely NIR optical depict depth was about 3.8 mm at 800 nm, determined by the theoretical limit happening from ballistic and snake photons. Using Beer’s regulation and the Mie model, structural properties (such as, neuron density) in the the brain of human brain tissue were examined for the first time. The mass of neurons in the examined gray matter fabric sample was estimated as about 40,000 neurons/mg. In addition, an extensive investigation is acted and a summary of optical characteristics, including scattering coefficients and transport time, for both silver and white matter in the human using one's brain cortex, is outlined established existing biography. The study will particularly emphasize checking the maximum distance light can traverse and the insight at which it can effectively pierce, which furthers noninvasive imaging of neurons in deep tissue domains. Recent techniques from the history are explored that highlight fundamental changes in the normal intellect, aging, and neurodegenerative diseases.

Author(s) Details:

Jamal H. Ali,
Department of Science, Borough of Manhattan Community College, The City University of New York, 199 Chambers St, New York, NY 10007, USA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPPSR-V1/article/view/11917

Techniques Used in Estimation of Radar Range, Radar Cross Section and Moving Targets | Chapter 6 | Research Highlights in Science and Technology Vol. 2

 Radar scheme proves expected a boon for the military based uses in detecting the enemies and labeling their locations on map. The current advancement in bureaucracy includes applications to a degree air traffic control and detached sensing.The paper will provide an reasoning of Radar Signal Processing to detect the range of the goals, radar representative sample and direction finding. It includes that goal is stationary under depressed noise condition and high explosion conditions, sonar is stationary while the target is mobile under the influence of cacophony, interference and clutter. Another very important limit being identified is Radar Cross Section (RCS) utilizing approximate method for detecting the aim. In this research, Signal processing methods are likely for the detection of fixed and moving targets. These approximate patterns are less time absorbing then the exact techniques of mark imaging.Various experiments have happened simulated using MATLAB and simulink.

Author(s) Details:

Manisha Khulbe,
Netaji Subhas University of Technology, Dwarka, Delhi, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHST-V2/article/view/10611