Human Behaviors and Social Dynamics in Primary Prevention Failures During Pandemics: A Narrative Review of Behavioral and Systemic Challenges in Primary Prevention | Chapter 4 | Disease and Health: Research Developments Vol. 6

Aims: This study explores psychosocial and philosophical aspects of pandemic prevention and dissemination, focusing on the current COVID-19 pandemic. It examines why individuals resist primary prevention measures during pandemics despite awareness of the risks and identifies cognitive biases influencing such decisions.

Study Design: This narrative review synthesizes existing literature and integrates findings from our prior research on pandemic psychology and philosophy. Its purpose is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the behavioral and social aspects of pandemic dissemination and integrate it with the current literature on pandemic psychology and philosophy.

Methodology: We conducted a narrative review, combining our previous research with relevant studies to develop a unified model explaining health behaviors related to pandemic prevention. A meta-ethnographical approach helped us condense the relevant literature.

Conclusion: The current literature and our research show that pandemic prevention is not always endorsed by part of the population due to underlying cognitive, emotional, and environmental factors. Our findings reveal that primary prevention of pandemics needs further understanding of peoples’ motives and reasons for declining to adopt measures to protect themselves.

 

Author (s) Details

Carlo Lazzari
International Centre for Healthcare and Medical Education, London, UK.

 

Marco Rabottini
International Centre for Healthcare and Medical Education, London, UK.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/dhrd/v6/4554

Twitter as a Risk Communication Tool: Lessons Learned from South Africa during Covid-19 | Chapter 14 | Managing Higher Education and Enterprises in Developing Countries Beyond COVID-19: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Business and Management Dynamics

Background and Purpose: A risk communication strategy was one of the tools that the National Government used to manage the COVID-19 pandemic in the country. Twitter was part of the risk communication strategy as it could provide accurate information to a large audience in real-time. However, there are risks associated with such a strategy, including misinformation and an overload of information for the Twitter user. The aim of the study was to investigate how the National Government of South Africa used Twitter in the risk communication strategy and what lessons can be learned to respond to future pandemics more effectively and efficiently.

Methods: A structured literature review was used to collect 15 articles that focused on risk management strategies during emergency times.

Results: The research found that the challenges associated with using Twitter during Covid-19 as a risk management strategy included an infodemic, misinformation, lack of authoritative spokesperson and lack of technology to access the social media platform. Lessons learned from the efforts of the South African Government to use Twitter in the risk communication strategy included evaluation of information that is placed on Twitter through association of international organisations that provide best practices and education of the public on how to utilize social media and health information during a pandemic.

Conclusions: The recommendation of the research is that Twitter is beneficial in a risk communication strategy, but the issues of misinformation and information overload must be addressed to make it an efficient and effective tool.

Author(s) Details:

Mila Ncoyini,
University of Fort Hare, South Africa.

Liezel Cilliers,
University of Fort Hare, South Africa.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/MHEEDCBCPICBMD/article/view/13205

Determining the Role of Paracetamol for Drug Management | Chapter 9 | Current Practice in Medical Science Vol. 3

This succinct review will make an effort to concentrate on the apparent safety of greater doses of paracetamol (PCM) in such circumstances because new research is now raising questions about such full-proof safety of a molecule that has always had a restricted therapeutic index of safety. PCM is one of the most often prescribed drugs for treating fever and discomfort. It can be acquired as an over-the-counter (OTC) drug without a prescription. PCM is a reasonably safe medication for treating fever and discomfort, but due to the several reasons mentioned, when used at higher therapeutic levels, it may cause both liver and kidney damage.

Author(s) Details:

Amit Sharma,

National Institute of Respiratory Diseases (NITRD), Autonomous Institute under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare - Government of India, New Delhi, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPMS-V3/article/view/7387

Circulation Patterns of Seasonal Respiratory Viruses during the COVID-19 Pandemic | Chapter 1 | New Visions in Biological Science Vol. 6

 We have a limited knowledge base to work with when confronted with a novel virus that is rapidly spreading through the human population. The pandemic spread of the new SARS-CoV-2 virus presented a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to learn more about respiratory virus pathogenesis. What happens in the event of a global tragedy like the COVID-19 pandemic to other respiratory infectious diseases? Many well-established epidemiological and pathogenetic linkages, as well as mechanisms controlling infections with other respiratory viruses, have been disturbed by the pandemic caused by the new SARS-CoV-2 virus. The development of new respiratory viruses is frequently accompanied by the elimination of previously circulating types. There is a general decrease trend in the circulation of seasonal respiratory viruses as of today, with the exception of rhinovirus and respiratory-syncytial virus, which continue to circulate. Other respiratory pathogens' circulation has significantly decreased. The influenza season has yet to begin in many areas. The impact of pandemics on the circulation of seasonal respiratory viruses is discussed in this chapter. Some challenges originating from pandemic viral spread and underlying approach options to combat coronavirus infection are discussed.

Author(S) Details

Irina Kiseleva
Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, 197376, Russia and Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Saint Petersburg, 197376, Russia and Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia.

Elena Grigorieva
Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, 197376, Russia.

Natalie Larionova
Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, 197376, Russia.

Andrey Ksenafontov
Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Saint Petersburg, 197376, Russia.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVBS-V6/article/view/4855

Apocalyptic Virus: Emerging Infections Silently Killing the ERA | Chapter 4 | Innovations in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 2

 Infectious diseases, both new and old, have had a devastating impact on the planet. Nearly 14 million people have died as a result of these diseases. Epidemics and pandemics are possible outcomes of these developing infectious illnesses. Viruses have been responsible for several pandemics and a great deal of harm throughout history. These infectious agents will always be on the lookout for humans to infect. We may, however, use scientific methods to prevent them. In 2015, the World Health Organization proposed the names of ten possible viruses that could cause the next epidemic and pandemic. All of these viruses have struck in the previous two decades, wreaking havoc around the globe. Humans are still infected by some of them. Surveillance is essential for detecting and responding to these infectious organisms. The application of molecular technology, as well as phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses, has shown that we may predict outbreaks and so prevent them. The application of genomic epidemiology in the development of therapies and reducing the spread of infectious illnesses is becoming more common. The World Health Organization and the Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network have proposed a response approach to impacted countries. The GOARN team must reach in such nations within 24 hours in the event of an emergency outbreak. Control measures have been put in place to prevent the spread of current outbreaks as well as the occurrence of future outbreaks. The purpose of this work is to explain to the readers the importance of knowledge and attentiveness so that they can play a role in preventing epidemics.

Author(S) Details

Qandil Zahra
Department of Microbiology, Baluchistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan.

Namrah Hashmi
Department of Microbiology, Baluchistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan.

Palwasha Sheikh
Department of Microbiology, Baluchistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan.

Faiz Muhammad
Department of Microbiology, Baluchistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan.

Hira Naqvi
Department of Microbiology, Baluchistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan.

Haleema Sadia
Department of Biotechnology, Baluchistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/IMB-V2/article/view/4716

Study on the Role of Safe Water in the Control of COVID-19 Pandemic | Chapter 13 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 16

 This review aims to consolidate available data on COVID-19, a pandemic disease that is threatening the entire world, in order to identify alternative solutions to the pandemic epidemic. The use of safe water is emphasised in the treatment of COVID-19, and the effects of corona virus (if any) on safe water are discussed. Safe water is one of the most important resources for meeting the fundamental hygiene standards that are required to stop the spread of COVID-19. The COVID-19 Pandemic and its consequences were examined in this study. The importance of clean water in reducing COVID-19's devastating consequences is emphasised. This review's main methodology was a literature search. According to the findings, severe pandemics such as Bubonic plague and small pox, which killed 200 million and 56 million people respectively, have been documented in the literature. As of April 2, 2020, only 83,600 deaths had been documented worldwide as a result of COVID-19. Natural sources and transmission via bats and/or pangolins are the two main sources of the Pandemic. The most common mechanism of coronavirus transmission is believed to be by respiratory droplets. COVID-19 has yet to be given a vaccination. To lessen the impact In the event of a pandemic, maintain social distance, avoid shaking or embracing hands, and wash your hands frequently under running water and with hand sanitizer. Although there is no indication that corona viruses are present in surface or groundwater, the virus's spread is directly linked to water and sanitation. COVID-19 has had a harmful influence on human health as well as the global economy. COVID-19 can be avoided if the world's population has access to safe drinking water.

Author (S) Details

Dr. Abel Ojo Talabi
Department of Geology, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMS-V16/article/view/2398