vStudy and Estimation of Hardness of Water by pH-Metric Titration Method | Chapter 8 | Chemistry and Biochemistry: Research Progress Vol. 5

The hardness of water is one of the most important parameters of water quality. The hardness of water arises primarily due to the presence of a profuse amount of Ca²⁺ and Mg₂₊ ions in the natural water resources. The complexometric titration method is a prevalent technique in estimating the concentrations of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ and  ions individually, which are primarily responsible for the hardness of water. However, the method needs two external indicators to mark the endpoints of titrations. Furthermore, accuracy of the method is sacrificed due to inevitable parallax errors during marking of the endpoint of titration. This present work proposes a novel technique to estimate the concentrations of Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions of a given water sample. Two different hard water samples are prepared to estimate the hardness of water by pH-Metric Titration Method.

 

This present work reports that during titration of a hard water sample with a complexing agent (here, Na2 EDTA solution), pH changes continuously. This change in pH is closely monitored and recorded graphically. The recorded data reveals two distinct linear regions with significantly different slopes, indicating the titration endpoint. The neutralization volume, thus obtained, is used to estimate Ca- and Mg- hardness of the water sample separately. This novel technique obviates the use of any external indicators and eliminates any possible parallax error. Besides conventional spectroscopic and volumetric titration methods, this novel method is believed to be useful to monitor other chemical reactions accurately, exploring future research works. This pH- metric study is expected to have potential in the development of analytical chemistry and chemical processes related to industry.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Abhijit Mallick
Department of Engineering Science (Chemistry), Academy of Technology, P.O. Aedconagar, Adisaptagram, District- Hooghly, 712121, West Bengal, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cbrp/v5/5054

Physico-chemical Characterization and Application of Newly Synthesized Antimony(III) Molybdoarsenate as a Cation Exchanger and Selective for Pb(II) and Cu(II) Ions | Chapter 1 | Progress in Chemical Science Research Vol. 9

 The present work is engaging attention the new synthesized and distinguished three component ion-exchanger. Inorganic cation-exchanger have drawn the attention to their discrimination, temperature, warm and chemical stabilities. The most warm and chemical properties concerning this material is prepared by intermixing answers of sodium molybdate (0.1 M), sodium arsenate (0.1 M) and antimony(III) chloride (0.1 M) solution indifferent volume percentages at pH-1. All of the samples' Ion-exchange capacities were assessed utilizing a column method. For in-depth reasonings, the chosen sample was synthesised in large quantities. Its ion-exchange competency of synthesized material for Na+ has happened found expected 2.30 meq/g. The loss of weight and change in colour of the ion-exchanger was noticed in each case and ion-exchange capacity was contingent upon column arrangement. Antimony(III) molybdoarsenate is good ion-exchange capacity and is resistant up to a fairly extreme heat, and fairly resistant in different sour, basic and organic news. The prepared material was characterised utilizing a variety of limits, including FTIR, TGA curve, X-ray dissemination, pH titration, Kd values, thermal & synthetic stabilities, and other studies. The attained binary and water softening separations for differing analytical practical uses have dressed as a demonstration of the synthesised ion- exchanger.

Author(s) Details:

Teena,
Department of Chemistry, Shri Varshnay College, Aligarh, U.P., 202001, India.

Gaurav Kumar,
Department of Chemistry, Shri Varshnay College, Aligarh, U.P., 202001, India.

Sangeeta Agarwal,
Department of Chemistry, Shri Saraswati Vidyalaya College, Hapur, U.P., 245101, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/PCSR-V9/article/view/10694