Advancing Water Quality Monitoring and Mapping: Calibration and Validation of the HydroColor and Citclops Smartphone Applications | Chapter 7 | Scientific Research, New Technologies and Applications Vol. 1

Water quality monitoring and mapping is crucial for protecting ecosystems and human health, and it has become increasingly significant as societies worldwide prioritize environmental awareness and sustainable practices. This study focuses on advancing water quality monitoring by evaluating the performance of two smartphone applications (APPs) (HydroColor and Citclops, now EyeOnWater), in estimating key parameters such as turbidity, the concentration of suspended particulate matter ([SPM]), and color. Methodologies included field testing and comparing the water quality parameters estimated from smartphone images with those obtained using laboratory and hyperspectral sensors to assess their reliability and accuracy. As a measure of transparency to assess the water types that were used for the studies, colour saturation and dominant wavelength were determined to range from 0.08 to 0.73 and 497 to 582 respectively. The findings of the APPs revealed varying degrees of accuracy, with HydroColor achieving R2 value of 0.36 and RMSE of 4.13 for turbidity and R2 value of 0.83 and RMSE of 3.44 for SPM. Also, the Citclops attained an R2 value of 0.7 and RMSE of 1.32 for color estimation. Additionally, the study highlighted limitations in both APPs, particularly regarding their applicability across different water systems. These insights emphasize the need for proper calibration and validation procedures for smartphone-based water quality monitoring APPs. In conclusion, the study underscores the growing significance of these APPs in enabling accessible, real-time water quality monitoring and their potential to revolutionize environmental monitoring practices through citizen science. By leveraging the potential of smartphone technology, we can achieve more comprehensive and sustainable management of water resources, ultimately benefiting both ecosystems and human communities. Ultimately, this research contributes to advancing smartphone-based monitoring initiatives, informing decision-making in environmental management, and enhancing our understanding of water quality dynamics in diverse environments.

 

Author (s) Details

Peter N-Jonaam Mahama
Public Health Division, 37 Military Hospital, Accra, Ghana and Ghana Level II Plus Hospital, United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei, Abyei.’

Suhyb Mohammed Salama
Department of Water Resources and Environmental Management, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/srnta/v1/1998

Innovative Smartphone-based Models for Estimating Water Quality Using RGB and XYZ Colour Spaces | Chapter 1 | Scientific Research, New Technologies and Applications Vol. 1

Smartphones, although not empowered as water quality sensing devices, can be used to obtain spectral information about our water quality through their enhanced capability to capture images and process using applications (APPs) developed to work within given colour spaces. As the focus of this study, models were developed through two colour spaces used by existing smartphone APPs; RGB colour space by HydroColor and XYZ colour space by Citclops (now called EyeOnWater). For each colour space, a single band semi-analytical model and a logarithmic model were developed and evaluated to estimate turbidity and the concentration of suspended particulate materials (SPM) using smartphone images and validated with laboratory measurements. Although the two-colour spaces used in this research are different, they can be converted from one colour space to another. The models developed from the RGB colour space was suitable for a wider range of water bodies compared to the original models used by HydroColor APP. The XYZ colour space on conversion were also used to estimate turbidity and SPM compared to its original Citclops APP that estimated colour. Comparatively, the logarithmic models did well in the estimation of turbidity and SPM through the RGB and XYZ colour space with R2 ranging from 0.63 to 0.90 and RMSE from 5.86 to 20.18, to the semi-analytical model with R2 from 0.45 to 0.78 and RMSE from 0.83 to 27.25. In the broader context of water quality monitoring, these findings underscore the viability of smartphones in democratizing environmental data collection. The user-friendly XYZ colour space, requiring only water surface images, positions smartphone APPs as powerful tools for citizen engagement in water quality monitoring initiatives. This research contributes to advancing accessible and efficient methods for environmental monitoring, fostering a more citizen participatory approach towards safeguarding water resources, and addressing a novel approach to real-time water quality monitoring and mapping using widely accessible technology-smartphones.

 

Author (s) Details

Peter N-Jonaam Mahama
Public Health Division, 37 Military Hospital, Accra, Ghana and Ghana Level II Plus Hospital, United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei, Abyei.

 

Suhyb Mhd. Salama
Department of Water Resources, ITC, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/srnta/v1/1999

Determining the Effect of Whitening Agents on Physico-chemical and Functional Properties of Sardine Surimi (Sardina pilchardus)| Chapter 3 | Current Perspectives in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 2

 The belongings of treatments with calcium carbonate (CaCO3), baking soda (NaHCO3), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were examined in order to enhance the paleness and functional conditions of sardine surimi (Sardina pilchardus). To explore their belongings and establish the ideal dosages of each whitening power utilised, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used. Total 13 treatment oodles were made in this manner: control (conventional washing process), surimi treated accompanying whitening agents at three concentrations for each (H2O2 (1%; 1.5%; 2% and 2.5%), NaHCO3 (0.1%; 0.3%; 0.5% and 0.7%) and CaCO3 (0.5%; 0.75%; 1% and 1.5%)). The study's findings showed that adding of CaCO3 and H2O2 significantly upgraded whiteness of surimi in comparison to NaHCO3 situations (p < 0.05). Some textural damage and a reduction in WHC principles were observed for surimi treated accompanying H2O2 and NaHCO3 (p < 0.05). Since 1.5% CaCO3 sample lies closer to these working attributes vector lines than the other situations, PCA biplot demonstrated that 1.5% CaCO3 bore to improve whiteness, WHC, and textural facial characteristics. Whereas, 2.5% H2O2 had positively touched only the whiteness parameter.The judgments showed that adjoining the right kind and amount of whitening agent to mince can embellish its working qualities, especially when it emanates fish variety with darker gist, like sardines.

Author(s) Details:

Imen Zaghbib,
Higher Graduate School of Food Industry of Tunisia, Research Unit “Biopreservation and Valorisation of Agro-Food Products”, 58 Avenue Alain Savary, Tunis El Khadra-1003, Tunisia.

Soumaya Arafa,
Higher Graduate School of Food Industry of Tunisia, Research Unit “Biopreservation and Valorisation of Agro-Food Products”, 58 Avenue Alain Savary, Tunis El Khadra-1003, Tunisia.

Hassouna Mnasser,
Higher Graduate School of Food Industry of Tunisia, Research Unit “Biopreservation and Valorisation of Agro-Food Products”, 58 Avenue Alain Savary, Tunis El Khadra-1003, Tunisia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPAFS-V2/article/view/9405