Epithelioid Sarcoma of 3rd Toe: A Rare Case Report | Chapter 14 | Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 2

 Epithelioid sarcoma is a rare, aggressive soft tissue sarcoma with a high rate of recurrence and metastasis locally. It is a tumour with an unknown histogenesis that can be difficult to diagnose because it is frequently misinterpreted as another benign or malignant illness. It usually appears as a subcutaneous or deep dermal tumour in the distal extremities of young people. We present the example of a 49-year-old man who has been complaining of pain and swelling on his right third toe for the past three months. An amputation of the toe was performed based on a clinicoradiological assessment that suggested cancer. Epithelioid sarcoma is suspected based on histopathological and immunohistochemical findings. For subsequent treatment, the patient was referred to an oncology centre, where he was instructed to undergo a broad excision followed by radiotherapy. There were no signs of regional or distant metastases.

Author (S) Details

Pooja Jain
Department of Pathology, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal, Karnataka, India.

Ranjini Kudwa
Department of Pathology, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal, Karnataka, India.

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Plant Mimicry: ‘A Mesmerizing Maneuver’ | Chapter 14 | Recent Progress in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol.1

 The kingdom of plants is full of mimics, which has been evolving some very unique and fascinating

tactics to trick predators and competitors. ‘Plant mimicry’, the impressive outcomes of natural
selection; is based on three protagonists, i.e., model, mimic and signal receiver. True mimicry involves
the deception of a signal receiver which is unable to discriminate between the model and the mimic of
a signal. The information on mimicry in plants is surprisingly scattered, largely sketchy and little known
in publications and thus, different classes of plant mimicry are conceptually grouped in this review.
Based on the mimic’s signal to the receiver, it is presented as: (1) Batesian mimicry: the mimic signals
a fitness cost to the receiver and the mimic's signal is deceptive. The advertised costs to the receiver
are greater than the actual costs; (2) Aggressive mimicry: the mimic signals a fitness benefit to the
receiver and the mimic's signal is deceptive. The advertised benefits to the receiver are greater than
the actual benefits; (3) Müllerian mimicry: the mimic signals a fitness cost to the receiver, and the
mimic's signal is non-deceptive; and (4) Rewarding mimicry: the mimic signals a fitness benefit to
manipulate receiver behavior and the mimic's signal is non-deceptive. Further, plants do mimic other
plants, fungi, animals, inanimate objects, reproductive parts etc. So, in this paper, a catalogue of
different fascinating-named mimicry has been portrayed as well on the basis of which object is being
mimicked by plants.

Author(s) Details

Avani Patel
C G Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka Tarsadia University, Gopal Vidyanagar, BardoliMahuva Road, Tarsadi-394350, Gujarat, India.

Dhruti Mistry
C G Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka Tarsadia University, Gopal Vidyanagar, BardoliMahuva Road, Tarsadi-394350, Gujarat, India.

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