An Introspective Review on Genesis of Schizophrenia| Chapter 12 | Current Progress in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 3

 To create schizophrenia’s etiological perspective and to bridge research gaps through theory integration. Schizophrenia impairs right-hemisphere function. Psychological disorders originate in brainstem. Ultradian cycles lateralize autonomic dominance. Balanced autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulation is normal. Psychopathology follows ANS imbalance. Lateralized ANS-CNS rhythms regulate brain and metabolic cycles. Vagus nerve, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA), ANS are linked. ANS lateralization changes with vagus nerve changes. Schizophrenia disrupts the basic rest-activity cycle (BRAC) energy balance. Shifting BRAC maximizes natural economic efficiency. Supraschalemic nucleus (SCN) causes lateralized respiration. The nasal cycle affects brain hemisphere lateralization. Schizophrenia adversely affects nasal cycle. Let's investigate how psychopathology can result from a faulty nasal cycle. Introspective empiricism and a qualitative literature evaluation explain schizophrenia onset and bridge research gaps between well-known theories.

Author(s) Details:

Ashok Kumar Dudi,

National Career Service Centre for Differently Abled, Ranchi, India, Rehabilitation Council of India, New Delhi, India, Indian Association of Clinical Psychologists, Bhiwadi, Rajasthan, India and University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPMMR-V3/article/view/11245

Vagus Nerve Ultrasound in Diabetic Neuropathy: A Possible Detector of Autonomic Parasympathetic Neuropathy | Chapter 1 | Research Developments in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 3

 It is famous that a very common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) is the bodily diabetic demyelinating distal sensory-engine polyneuropathy (D-DSP); autonomic neuropathy may belong the disease and leads to extreme morbidity and mortality. Vagus Nerve (VN) is the most interminable autonomic nerve and frequently parasympathetic involvement precedes feeling symptoms. In this episode, the authors illustrate and discuss the part of High Resolution Ultrasounds (HRUS) in detecting changes of the VN following their investigation as one of DM patients with or outside autonomic manifestations and neuropathy.The VN has been scanned in 20 active volunteers and 61 victims (32 m, 29 f) with DM in the axial plane at the sideways neck. The purchase of ultrasound images was performed utilizing a 19MHz probe with an Esaote MyLab Gamma device; cross-localized area (CSA), border, echogenicity and echo-structure were considered.Mean cross-divided area of the vagus nerve happened significantly smaller (3.13 mm2; SD = 1.54) in inmates with diabetes distinguished with controls (5.8 mm2, DS = 1.2) and did not compare with ailment duration and parameters of cardiovagal functions.Data concerning this study, reported and resolved in the present chapter, find a degree of vagus nerve disintegration in DM patients. Moreover, HRUS finding can have relevance in the disease and management of diabetic neuropathy, overall on parasympathetic involvement, even though further investigations need to ratify the relevance of these morphological judgments.

Author(s) Details:

F. Sartucci,
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section Department of University Neurophysiopathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy, Department of Medical Specialties, Pisa University Hospital (AOUP), Pisa, Italy, Institute of Neurosciences, CNR, Pisa, Italy and Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation, Massa, Pisa, Italy.

M. Santin,
Department of Medical Specialties, Pisa University Hospital (AOUP), Pisa, Italy.

T. Bocci,
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section Department of University Neurophysiopathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy and Department of Health Sciences, ”Aldo Ravelli” Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, University of Milan and ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy.

A. Filippi,
Unit of Neurology, San Luca Hospital, Lucca, Italy.

N. Origlia,
Institute of Neurosciences, CNR, Pisa, Italy.

P. Marchetti,
Department of General Surgery, S.D. Endocrinology and Metabolism of Organ and Cell Transplants, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMS-V3/article/view/9910