The Linear Chain Clusters in Real Gases | Chapter 3 | New Ideas Concerning Science and Technology Vol. 12

 The author's new class of linear chain clusters is described in this chapter, as well as the methods for evaluating their properties. There are two types of clusters in real gases: linear clusters with a small number of bonds between particles and closely bound two and three dimensional clusters. For several pure gases, the experimental data analysis reveals large temperature and density zones dominated by linear chain clusters. At moderate densities of real gases, expanding the possible energy density sequence by the monomer fraction density yields cluster bond parameters and their equilibrium constants, which can be attributed to this new class of clusters. The computer-aided study of precise thermophysical data for pure fluids using monomer fraction density reveals wonderful properties of these unknown cluster structures in real gases. Extrapolating the properties of these loosely bound clusters to higher densities yields a variety of tightly bound three-dimensional clusters in sub- and supercritical fluids in general, and particularly in CO2. It's crucial to understand the structure and parameters of the clusters in this gas, which is commonly used in supercritical fluid technologies. The properties of massive three-dimensional clusters of numbers n of particles up to the level of one thousand are discovered by moving from diluted to dense gases step by step. The soft structural transition between dominating cluster fractions with neighbour numbers n and between gas-like and liquid-like supercritical fluids is studied using a logarithmic method to estimate the averaged numbers n of particles in three-dimensional clusters.

Author (s) Details

Boris Sedunov
Computer and Information Systems Department, Russian New University, Moscow, Russia.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NICST-V12/article/view/773

Thermal Physics of Clusters in Atomic Gases | Chapter 4 | Newest Updates in Physical Science Research Vol. 3

 The author's discoveries in cluster physics of equilibrium atomic gases are reviewed in this chapter. Many researchers have studied the pure atomic gas method both experimentally and theoretically, but the existence of clusters has remained a mystery. Clusters are now thought to be a new state of matter. It is both difficult and educational to research them. The pure real atomic gas is an advanced medium for thermodynamics education: it is the first step after the simplistic atomic ideal gas model toward a more practical model that accounts for atomic interactions. The author's thesis is based on a wonderful aspect of pure real atomic gases: the chemical potential of universal basic particles for atoms in all clusters. It allows you to calculate the monomer fraction density based on the total density's experimental pressure dependence. The study of the author is based on the expansion of the gas potential energy density sequence by the monomer fraction density. The author uses his computer-aided study of detailed thermophysical data on atomic gases to show that clusters in them have unknown and nontrivial properties. Exact experimental thermophysical data were taken from the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) online Webbook for this study. Due to the lack of rotational symmetry of their electronic outer shells, the temperature dependences of the atomic interaction bond energies indicate directional bonding of atoms in clusters near the triple limit. The contribution of elastic repulsions to the gas's potential energy at high temperatures is taken into account in the study. Anomaly density dependences of the constant volume heat potential in gaseous Helium and Neon have been discovered, indicating irregular atomic interactions in these gases' clusters.

Author (s) Details

Boris Sedunov
Computer and Information Systems Department, Russian New University (ROSNOU) Moscow, Russia.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NUPSR-V3/article/view/572