Geo-spatial Study of Farmland Affected by 2020 Flooding of River Rima, Northwestern Nigeria | Chapter 9 | Novel Perspectives of Engineering Research Vol. 4

 Flooding of the River Rima is an annual problem that affects farming in the floodplains. This phenomenon results in the loss of farm produce and the widespread devastation of structures in the area, including roads and bridges. Estimating the flood-affected farms will aid policymakers in making decisions on how to reduce the impact of floods in the impacted areas. The image was classified into four landcover classes using a Terra/MODIS satellite image with a 7-2-1 band combination. The flood-affected area was chosen to compute the flood area with the Image Calculator module of the QGIS programme. The water class was imposed (Map Overlay) on a digital elevation model collected from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission, an environmental monitoring satellite (SRTM). The data shows that the River Rima flood covers approximately 17,517 km2, or 1.7 million hectares of agriculture below 230 metres (ASL). It was suggested that local governments and decision-makers utilise the flood map to indicate flood risk zones in order to discourage construction beyond the buffer zone. Farmers should follow NiMet's flood-prediction recommendations to the letter. Civil engineers should also note the greatest water level during flooding so that professional advise may be used when building roads and bridges in the area. If hydrological and environmental information are incorporated when performing projects, the loss of life and property during floods will be minimised.

Author(S) Details

Abdullahi Muktar
Department of Geography, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto State, Nigeria.

Sadiq A. Yelwa
Department of Geography, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto State, Nigeria.

Muhammad Tayyib Bello
Department of Civil Engineering, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.

Wali Elekwachi
Department of Geography, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.

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Flooding Speed of Former Lignite Open Pits Regarded as a Determining Factor on the Stability of Final Slopes | Chapter 13 | Emerging Trends in Engineering Research and Technology Vol. 11

 The main exploitation process of lignite in Europe is surface mining. As of 2017, EU output of lignite is somehow stable at approx. 380 million tonnes per year and in Poland, Germany, Greece, the Czech Republic, Romania and Bulgaria, it is a very significant source of electricity. Flooding the remaining gaps of former open pits of lignite is also used internationally, providing opportunities for the use of the lake and the reclaimed land, as well as many benefits, ranging from habitat regeneration to the growth of the local economy. The mechanism of flooding is conditioned by the amounts of water available from natural and/or artificial sources. Flooding may be achieved either by natural methods (inflow of underground water plus water intake from rainfall and superficial drainage), or by natural methods (inflow of underground water plus water intake from rainfall and superficial drainage). Artificial processes, and (water adductions from superficial collectors). Natural flooding has the benefit of lowering costs, unlike artificial flooding, but it is a long-lasting operation. As a result of rising water levels and saturation of rocks from the final slopes, geotechnical phenomena such as landslides can occur, depending on the flooding speed. The purpose of the paper is to create the dependency between the rate of water level rise in the lake and the rock's geotechnical behaviour in the internal dump. Based on this the flooding process needs to be intensified by adductions, as the hydrostatic pressure manifested on the final slopes determines the increase in their reserve of stability.

Author (s) Details

Dr. Eng. Florin Faur
Department of Environmental Engineering and Geology, University of Petrosani, Faculty of Mining, Romania.


Dr. Eng. Izabela Maria Apostu
Department of Environmental Engineering and Geology, University of Petrosani, Faculty of Mining, Romania.


Dr. Eng. Maria Lazăr
Department of Environmental Engineering and Geology, University of Petrosani, Faculty of Mining, Romania.

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