Correlation of Microvessel Density with Tumor Characteristics and Prognostic Factors in Breast Carcinoma | Book Publisher International

 An abnormal tissue that grows by cellular proliferation more rapidly than normal and continues to grow after the stimuli that instigated the growth cease 

Neoplasms show a partial or complete lack of structural organisation & functional coordination with the normal tissue. The term tumor, which literally means swelling, is a synonym of neoplasm. Breast carcinoma arises from the terminal ductal–lobular units of epithelial tissue, which is the mature breast, and represents 10% of the total value.

 

Author (s) Details

V. VIJAYASREE (I)
Kamineni Institute of Medical Sciences, Narketpally, Telangana, India.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-49729-48-3

Tumor Budding and Its Clinicopathological Correlations in Invasive Breast Carcinoma: A Cross-sectional Study | Chapter 7 | Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 3

Introduction: Breast carcinoma is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women in India. Tumor budding is usually defined as isolated single cancer cells or clusters of up to four cancer cells located at the invasive tumor front. Tumor budding is associated with poor clinicopathological characteristics, such as Tumor size, tumor differentiation, lymph node invasion, lymphatic or vascular invasion, etc. One of the poor prognostic factors in breast carcinoma is an association between tumor budding and positive lymph node metastasis. Henceforth, tumor budding could be a reliable parameter that predicts the aggressive behaviour of tumor, overall survival, risk of recurrence, hormonal therapy response, distant metastasis along with the response to chemotherapy and targeted therapy. Tumor buds which are predominantly located at the invasive tumor front are associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and are an essential part of the tumor microenvironment.

Aims: The aim of the study is to study tumor budding, predominantly located at the invasive tumor front representing EMT and its association with known clinicopathological parameters like age, tumor size, grade, laterality, LVI, lymph node metastases, treatment status and hormone receptor status in invasive breast carcinoma.

Materials and Methods: The index study is a cross sectional study of 50 mastectomy and lumpectomy specimens. It was conducted after approval from the ethics committee. Before conducting the study, informed consent was taken from all the participants whose biopsies were considered for the study. The duration of the study was 1.5 years from January 2022 to June 2023. The number of tumor buds was counted in 10 low-power fields (10x) of hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections. Tumor buds were further classified into low grade(<10/10 HPF) and high grade (≥10/10 HPF) in most infiltrative areas at higher magnification (400x). Chi-square tests were used to know the association between tumor budding and the included variables of the study, pvalue<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: A total of fifty cases of invasive breast carcinomas were included in this study. Here, 70%(35 cases) were >50 years of age, and 65% (33 cases) were in T2 (tumor size) category. Also, 82%(41 cases) of Invasive duct carcinoma, No specific type, 12% (6 cases) of mixed carcinomas followed by three cases, one is invasive lobular carcinoma (6%), others are invasive papillary carcinoma (6%) and mucinous carcinoma (6%). Moreover, 76% (38 cases) showed presence of lymphovascular invasion, 74% (37 cases) showed absence of necrosis, 54%(27 cases) were categorized as grade 2. High-grade tumor budding was seen in 54% (27 cases).

Conclusion: The following variables had a significant association with the tumor budding in the present study - Tumor size, TNM staging, treatment status, and lymphovascular invasion showing a p-value of <0.05. ER-positive tumors are also associated with high-grade tumor budding.

 

Author (s) Details

Swarupa Malla
Alluri Sitaramaraju Academy of Medical Sciences, 534005, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Sailaja Suryadevara
Alluri Sitaramaraju Academy of Medical Sciences, 534005, Andhra Pradesh, India.

 

Pallivilla Umarani
Alluri Sitaramaraju Academy of Medical Sciences, 534005, Andhra Pradesh, India.

 

Gudeli Vahini
Alluri Sitaramaraju Academy of Medical Sciences, 534005, Andhra Pradesh, India.

 

 Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/acmms/v3/3082

Determining the Effect of siRNA-Egr-1 and Camptothecin on Growth and Chemosensitivity of Breast Cancer Cells | Chapter 8 | Advanced Research in Biological Science Vol. 4

 In the research, the breast cancer container lines SK-BR3 and MCF-7 were used to explore the belongings of a siRNA targeting the Egr-1, either alone or as well the breast tumor treatment camptothecin (Cpt), in reducing feelings cancer cell continuation and anchorage-free growth.. Cancer is a global energy problem being the reason for one in six deaths general. Treating cancer has happened a highly complex process. Conventional treatment approaches, in the way that surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, have existed in use, while meaningful advances are being made in recent times, containing stem cell cure, targeted therapy, devaluation due to use therapy, nanoparticles, natural antioxidants, communication by electronic air waves, chemodynamic therapy, sonodynamic cure, and ferroptosis-based therapy. Current arrangements in oncology focus on the happening of safe and efficient malignancy nanomedicines. Low levels of Egr-1 expression have happened found in mammary and lung cancers in addition to the majority of normal tissues, lifting the possibility that these depressed levels and the emergence of mammary neoplasias are related. However, inspections of the expression of Egr-1 in bosom cancer cells, SK-BR3 and MCF-7, displayed that these cells express endogenous Egr-1 at preferably high levels. We secondhand small interfering RNA (siRNA) against Egr-1 unique or in combination accompanying Cpt to study the impact of blocking endogenous Egr-1 in feelings cancer containers. We predicted that when the Egr-1 gene was obstructed and treated with Cpt, the subtlety of the cells to chemotherapeutic drugs would increase. Thus, we acted in vitro experiment to clarify the effect of Egr-1 on cyst cell lines progress. We made control and siRNA-Egr-1 using heading plasmids and then transfected SK-BR3 and MCF-7 containers. After treating the cells accompanying siRNA-Egr-1, the cell lines were assayed with Cpt to ratify the effect of Egr-1 siRNA using the container expression of mRNA and protein, proliferation assay and mooring activity accompanying soft agar. Human SK-BR3 and MCF-7 breast abnormal growth in animate being cell growth and ability of anchorage transfected accompanying siRNA-Egr-1 or treated with Cpt was more stagnant than that of the control group. This effect was increased when the containers were given simultaneously siRNA and camptothecin. The results powerfully suggest that siRNA- Egr-1 unique or in combination with camptothecin maybe a potent antineoplastic agent in restraining the growth of bosom tumor despite the famous role of Egr-1 as a lump- suppressor in several other types of human cancers.

Author(s) Details:

Eduardo Parra,
Biomedical Experimental Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Campus Saucache, University of Tarapacá, Avenida Senador Luis Valente Rossi 2223, Arica, Chile.

Victor Rojas,
Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Programa de Doctorado en Biotecnología Traslacional, Universidad Católica del Maule, Ave. San Miguel 3605, Talca, Chile.

Jorge Ferreira,
Programme of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Medical Faculty, University of Chile, Avenida Indenpendencia 1027, Independencia, Santiago, Chile.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ARBS-V4/article/view/11977

Surgical Management of Breast Lesions | Chapter 2 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 11

 The most common treatment for breast lesions is surgery. To define the type of lesion and plan surgical management, diagnostic modalities and clinical evaluation are used. If patients are managed and treated according to standards and advanced approaches are used, outstanding outcomes can be achieved. Fine needle aspiration cytology, core needle biopsy/Excision biopsy, and fine needle aspiration cytology were used to diagnose patients with breast lesions who came to the surgical outpatient entrance. Modified radical mastectomy with axillary lymph node dissection and thoracoabdominal skin flaps where needed were performed in our experience. Sentinallymphnode dissection was performed, followed by axillary dissection or conservative breast surgery, as required. The accuracy of ultrasonography directed fine needle aspiration cytology in clinically node negative cases of carcinoma breast was found to be correct in more than 80% of cases. Cases that were preoperatively diagnosed as benign were surgically removed. As required, incision and drainage were carried out. Surgical management that followed the guidelines resulted in a positive outcome in our experience with breast lesions. The use of modern methods produced excellent, precise results.

Author (s) Details

Amrit Pal Singh Rana
Department of Surgery, GGS Medical College, Faridkot, India.

Manjit Kaur Rana
Department of Pathology/ Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMR-V11/article/view/880