Biological and Taxonomic Diversity of Pediastrum simplex in Andhra Pradesh, India | Chapter 13 | Innovations in Biological Science Vol. 1

 The present study primarily focuses on biological and taxonomic diversity of Pediastrum simplex in Andhra Pradesh, India. The exact and proper taxonomical documentation and classification of freshwater algae from various sources is a prior requisite for the proper use of the algal source in various exponential fields of biological science research including biofuel production, super foods, genetic engineering and as bio-indicators of water contamination. Freshwater algal samples have been collected from four districts of Andhra Pradesh, India and screened for the Genus Pediastrum. The examination of 40 samples collected revealed a number of rare and noteworthy Pediastrum taxa. In the present paper six varieties of Pediastrum simplex are depicted and discussed. These are Pediastrum simplex Mayen 1). Variety simplex Komarek, 2) var. clathratum (Schrot) Chod, 3) var.psuedoglabrum Parra, 4) var. sturmii (Reinch) Wolle, 5) var. echinulatum Wittr. 6) var. biwaense Fukush of these former two were more frequent with different morphotypes in all samples and later three were rare in distribution. The proper taxonomical identification and validation of the species is a prime requisite for genetic diversity studies, culture establishment and their possible biotechnological applications. The taxonomic key is provided and all taxa are described with microphotographs. Pediastrum simplex var. Psuedoglabrum Parra, var. sturmii (Reinch) Wolle, var. echinulatum Wittr. var. biwaense Fukush are reported as first distributional records to the state of Andhra Pradesh. Identification of a rich diversity of freshwater algae from these water bodies indicates that they were still undisturbed and need protection for preservation of algal biodiversity and their potential utilization.

Author(s) Details:

Ramana Naidu B. V.,
Department of Botany, SSBN Degree College (Autonomous), Ananthapuramu, Andhra Pradesh- 515002, India.

Prabhakara Raju C.,
Department of Botany, SSBN Degree College (Autonomous), Ananthapuramu, Andhra Pradesh- 515002, India.

Ranganayakulu G. S.,
Department of Botany, Rayalaseema University, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh-518002, India.

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Study on the Role of NGOs in Promotion of Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) in Andhra Pradesh, India | Chapter 1 | Cutting-edge Research in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 13

The goal of this research is to better understand the role and responsibilities of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in the development and execution of FPOs, as well as the path forward for FPO success. NGOs are better at assisting farmers in learning from their own experiences because they are in closer contact with them. They also have a better understanding of the real situation on the ground. The promotional and enabling authorities in Andhra Pradesh are sharing responsibility for FPO implementation. NABARD, the Department of Agriculture, and ICRISAT, among others, serve as promoters, while NGOs serve as facilitators or resource institutions for a limited time. NGOs excel in community mobilisation and have a large response rate. Several FPOs have promoted local, capable, and reputable NGOs. The function of the NGO as a facilitating agency includes farmer mobilisation, community will, participation, assistance in FPO registration, leadership development, management accountability, self-governance, compliance, and reports to the government. Some of the facilitating or resource institutions involved in the promotion of FPOs in Andhra Pradesh state include Rashtriya Seva Samithi (RASS), Accion Fraterna (AF-Ecology), FES, APMAS (Mahila Abhivruddhi Society, Andhra Pradesh), AAA, Centre for Sustainable Agriculture. NGO's are usually good at social mobilisation, but they lack the business development, supply chain, and marketing expertise that are necessary for FPOs to succeed as a corporate organisation. As a result, before the end of their tenure, NGOs must have a clear departure plan for sustainable and profitable FPOs; otherwise, the future of FPOs may be non-futuristic.

Author (S) Details

T. Mahesh Babu
Department of Agricultural Extension, S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati, Angrau, A.P., India.

T. Lakshmi
Department of Agricultural Extension, S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati, Angrau, A.P., India.

S. V. Prasad
Department of Agricultural Extension, S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati, Angrau, A.P., India.

P. V. Sathya Goapl
Department of Agricultural Extension, S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati, Angrau, A.P., India.

V. Sumathi
Department of Agricultural Extension, S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati, Angrau, A.P., India.

B. Ramana Murthy 
Department of Agricultural Extension, S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati, Angrau, A.P., India.

T. Sravan Kumar
Department of Agricultural Extension, S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati, Angrau, A.P., India.

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