It was suggested by Cai a theory that, in animals, the nutrient
gradient differentiates the cellular living states to form the three germ
layers of embryonic gastrula differential developing into three different
subsequent fates, with the endoderm manifesting cellular living states in
nutritious condition and giving rise to the epithelium of digestive and
respiratory system; the ectoderm manifesting cellular living states of nutrient
dependence and environmental effects, and developing to the nervous and
epithelial tissues; the mesoderm lying between them and emerging to the muscle
and adipose. In parallel, it also complied with the regulation of nutrients on
various cultured stem cells. In this chapter, it is briefly reviewed such
embryonic differentiation of three layers of gastrula and further highlights
that the early embryonic cleavage partially differentiates the cellular living
states to form the nutrient gradient for three layers of gastrula via partial
differentiation of proliferative animal hemisphere and nutritious vegetal
hemisphere in most animals, including the mammals, birds, Xenopus, zebrafish,
snails, sea urchin, and so on, but instead via oocyte polarity and embryonic
invagination in Drosophila. Therefore, it is the formed nutrient gradient of
gastrula that is conserved in evolution.
Author(s) Details
Zi-Jian Cai
aiFortune TriL Consulting, No. 129, Building 6, Room 404, North Dongwu
Road, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province,
215128, PR China.
Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/ibs/v10/1807
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