The Effect of Photobiomodulation on the Depth of Local Anesthesia in Dentistry | Chapter 5 | Medicine and Medical Research: New Perspectives Vol. 3

 

Pain is defined as an "unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage or described in terms of such damage," and is significantly influenced by an individual's past and present experiences. Most dental procedures, such as extractions, pulpotomies, root canal treatments, abscess draining, and oral surgeries, require local anesthesia, which can be uncomfortable and exacerbated by fear and anxiety. Effective pain management is critical in dentistry to improve patient comfort and procedure success. This review explores the impact of photobiomodulation (PBM) on enhancing the effectiveness and depth of local anesthesia in dental procedures. PBM has been shown to enhance local anesthesia through mechanisms such as mitochondrial stimulation, modulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), calcium ion regulation, and nitric oxide (NO) production. Experimental studies demonstrate that PBM can significantly reduce pain during local anesthetic injections, decrease the need for additional doses, and improve overall patient comfort. This non-invasive technique is particularly beneficial for pediatric patients and those with dental anxiety or special needs. By leveraging the biological effects of light at the cellular level, PBM represents a promising adjunctive therapy in dentistry, offering improved pain management and patient outcomes. Further research is needed to optimize PBM protocols and fully integrate this technology into dental practice.

 

Author(s) Details

Nada Tawfig Hashim
Department of Periodontics, RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical & Health Sciences University, Ras Al-Khaimah, UAE.

 

Muhammed Mustahsen Rahman
Department of Periodontics, RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical & Health Sciences University, Ras Al-Khaimah, UAE.

 

Bakri Gobara Gismalla
Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan

 

Nancy Soliman Farghal
Department of Endodontics, Rak College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical & Health Sciences University, Ras-Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mmrnp/v3/1442

Role of Audio Distraction in Management of Anxiety in Children| Chapter 10| Medicine and Medical Research: New Perspectives Vol. 8

The study aimed to determine the role of audio distraction in the management of anxiety in children. Dental anxiety is one of the most commonly encountered problems in the dental clinic. Anxiety, if not handled in the right way, can compromise the quality of dental care. As a dental clinician, there are various methods of behavior management; one of them is Audio distraction. Music has always been one of the most commonly used methods to relieve anxiety So, this review was written with the intention to study the effect of Audio distraction in the management of anxious dental patients. Audio distraction is one of the most efficient forms of non-invasive behavior management techniques, as the equipment used are musical instruments, headsets, and audio players among others. Various studies have concluded that audio distraction causes a noticeable reduction in the anxiety of the patients. While being an effective tool in behavior management it has not been proven to reduce pain perception in patients. Hence, in the plethora of behavior management techniques, audio distraction can be employed to play a pivotal role.

 

Author (s) Details

Priya Meharwade
Department of Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, SDM College of Dental Sciences & Hospital, A Constituent Unit of Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheswara University, Sattur, Dharwad, Karnataka, India.

 

Shreya Chindak
Department of Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, KLEVK Institute of Dental Sciences, Belagavi, Karnataka, India.

 

Shweta Kajjari
Department of Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, KLEVK Institute of Dental Sciences, Belagavi, Karnataka, India.

 

Chaitanya Uppin
Department of Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, KLEVK Institute of Dental Sciences, Belagavi, Karnataka, India.

 

Shivayogi M Hugar
Department of Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, KLEVK Institute of Dental Sciences, Belagavi, Karnataka, India.

 

Chandrashekar Badakar

Department of Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, KLEVK Institute of Dental Sciences, Belagavi, Karnataka, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mmrnp/v8/2201

Intranasal Midazolam Premedication for Anxiolysis in Children Prior to Nitrous Oxide Sedation | Chapter 1 | Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 12

Background: Children and adolescents show diverse maturity, personality, temperament, and emotions, which lead to a variety in their vulnerability and coping ability in dental situations. Therefore, dentists need a plethora of techniques to manage children. Midazolam, a benzodiazepine has enjoyed a lot of attention in recent years as a good pediatric sedative agent.

Aim: The aim of the study was to compare the administration of 0.1 mg/kg intranasal midazolam as premedication against a normal saline control in alleviating anxiety relating to and increasing acceptance of nasal hood by child patients receiving nitrous oxide sedation for dental treatment.

Materials and Methods: After ethical clearance and informed consent, on the basis of odd and even numbers patients were allocated to group midazolam or group normal saline, respectively. Thirty children between the ages of 4–8 years requiring bilateral endodontic treatment with Frankl’s negative or definitely negative behavior were selected. The physical parameters were recorded at the beginning and after the dental procedure; the time required for the procedure was also recorded. The level of cooperation during acceptance of the nasal mask by the patient was evaluated using the four-point scale. The sensory perception levels (alertness) and overall behavior of the child were evaluated using the first and fourth categories of the Houpt Behavior Rating scale.

Results: Participants in group N consumed more time than group M. A Higher percentage of children were seen in the time frame of 31 minutes and more in group N and group M timings were largely concentrated around the 30 minutes or less mark. Midazolam premedication was more effective in improving the acceptance of the nasal hood in children than without premedication (p=.002308).

Conclusion: In the present study, the combination of midazolam and nitrous oxide proved to be an effective combination, resulting in good to excellent behavior in children who were Frankl’s behavior rating definitely negative and negative. The operator could carry out the procedure at all stipulated 60 appointments, the combination of the two agents proved to be 100% safe there were no adverse reactions reported in both the groups and the physiologic markers were within limits.

Clinical Significance: For successful sedation premedication with nitrous oxide, midazolam is an excellent premedication drug.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Shikha Choubey
Department Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, I.T.S. Dental College, Ghaziabad, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/acmms/v12/3306