Tuesday, 9 December 2025

Quality of Root Canal Fillings Performed by Dental Undergraduates: A Radiographic Study |Chapter 10 | Medical Science: Updates and Prospects Vol. 2

 

Background: Epidemiologic surveys consistently show that the technical quality of root fillings is strongly associated with periapical status at the population level, underscoring obturation quality as a key determinant of treatment outcome.  

 

Aim: The study aimed to assess the radiographic quality of root canal obturation performed by undergraduate dental students at the College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, focusing on obturation length, taper, and density.

 

Materials and Methods: In this retrospective review, intraoral periapical (IOPA) radiographs from 400 root canal–treated teeth managed by 4th- and 5th-year students (2016–2018) were evaluated in 2019 by an experienced endodontist. Straight (head-on) and shift/SLOB views were used when required. Technical quality was classified for length (adequate/underfilled/overfilled), taper (adequately tapered/irregular–anomalous), and density (homogeneous/irregular with voids) using predefined criteria. Associations with year of study and tooth group (anterior, premolar, molar) were analysed using the Chi-square test (α = 0.05).

 

Results: A total of 400 completed root canal treatments met the eligibility criteria and were included in the analysis. Of these, 149 cases were treated by 4th-year students and 251 by 5th-year students. By tooth group, the sample comprised 143 anterior teeth (35.8%), 70 premolars (17.5%), and 187 molars (46.8%). For patients treated by fourth-year BDS students, 63.5% demonstrated adequate obturation, whereas 36.5% exhibited deficiencies related to obturation quality. In contrast, patients treated by fifth-year BDS students demonstrated adequate obturation in 71.0% of cases, with 29.0% categorised as inadequate. A statistically significant difference was observed in the length of root canal obturation (P = 0.001). Additionally, the frequency of adequate obturation was significantly higher in anterior teeth than in premolars and molars.

 

Conclusion: 5th-year students demonstrated better control of length and fill density, whereas 4th-year students achieved a higher proportion of adequate taper, particularly in simpler cases. Technical deficiencies clustered in molars, with underfilling and intra-fill voids being most common. Targeted simulation on multi-rooted/curved canals, reinforced protocols for working-length determination and cone fitting, and close chairside supervision are likely to improve outcomes.

 

Clinical Significance: Routine radiographic audit of student cases pinpoints teachable gaps—especially for molars—guiding curricular refinements that elevate the technical quality of undergraduate endodontics.

 

Author(s) Details

Mohammed Mustafa
Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msup/v2/6650

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